Safety assessment method of steel protective structure against large-scale debris flow

Recently, steel pipe open type protective structures (steel open dams) have been damaged because of large-scale debris flow resulting from torrential rainfall based on abnormal climate. This article proposes a safety assessment method for the load-carrying capacity of a steel open dam against large-scale debris flow load (level II load) using the energy constant law. First, the safety assessment method of steel open dams is proposed that the ultimate strength must be larger than the required strength against the level II load, which is determined by using the energy constant law. Second, the load-carrying capacities of three types of steel open dams with different structural shapes against the front and eccentric debris flow loadings are investigated by a push-over analysis. Finally, the safety assessments on load-carrying capacities against the front and eccentric debris flow loading are confirmed and the strength reduction by the eccentric loading is examined for three steel open dams.

MuSun - Muon Capture on the Deuteron

The MuSun experiment is a precision measurement of the rate for nuclear muon capture on the deuteron, designed to resolve a long-standing disagreement between experiment and theory, and to determine an important low-energy constant relevant for a variety of weak and strong dynamics. The experiment is based on a novel active target method employing a pure deuterium cryogenic time-projection chamber. The data taking was completed in two main campaigns and the analysis is well advanced. The unique challenges and corresponding strategy of the experiment as well as the status of the analysis are presented.

Thermal energy control in building energy heating system based on building information modelling

This article introduces the principle of the glass curtain wall heating and cooling cycle constant temperature control test system in the building energy heating system and studies the constant temperature control strategy of its core cooling and heating circulation system. The author designed an adaptive fuzzy control algorithm with a self-learning function realize the thermal energy constant temperature control of the cooling and heating cycle experimental system and conducted the first model test. The test results show that the thermal energy constant temperature control strategy of the circulatory system and its adaptive fuzzy control algorithm have good control characteristics and effects. During the test, the thermal energy constant temperature control accuracy is within 0.4?C when the system is dynamically heated and cooled, and the temperature fluctuates when the constant temperature is maintained. Within 0.2?C, the test system fully meets the requirements of the American building energy heating AAMA501.5.98 glass curtain wall cycle test standard.

Spinning elastic beads: a route for simultaneous measurements of the shear modulus and the interfacial energy of soft materials

We demonstrate that the elastic modulus and the surface energy constant of soft elastic materials can be simultaneously measured by analysing the deformation of millimetric beads under centrifugal forcing.

METEORIZACIÓN E HIDROGEOQUÍMICA DE LOS RÍOS QUILISH Y PORCÓN EN LA CUENCA PORCÓN

METEORIZACIÓN E HIDROGEOQUÍMICA DE LOS RÍOS QUILISH Y PORCÓN EN LA CUENCA PORCÓN WHEATHERING AND HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY´S QUILISH AND PORCÓN RIVERS IN THE PORCÓN BASIN Carlos Malpica Sandoval, Hugo Rivera Mantilla, Sandra Rumay Villarreal y Víctor Vargas Rodríguez DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2008.0004/ RESUMEN Con los resultados obtenidos, podemos señalar que la meteorización produjo reacciones de hidrólisis, oxidación, disolución de silicatos, sulfuros y azufre originando minerales secundarios, iones y coloides (arcillas, H4SiO4, SiO2, Fe2O3, FeOOH, Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Na+, K+,  2 4SO , Pb2+, H2AsO-4, Cu2+), parte de los productos de la meteorización entran al sistema hidrológico y otra parte permanece en el suelo debido a su baja movilidad o por intercambio catiónico o aniónico; estas reacciones están determinadas por la energía libre, Eh y pH. El análisis hidrogeoquímico se basa en la energía libre, constante de equilibrio, índice de saturación, diagramas Eh-pH, rNa/rCl y rCl/rHCO3-2, resultando agua de naturaleza cálcica-sódica, debido a la meteorización de los silicatos. Basándonos en los resultados obtenidos de los datos de energía libre determinamos que todas las reacciones están relacionadas con el índice de saturación, y basándonos en el diagrama Eh-pH, el hierro y aluminio reaccionan formando hidróxidos. Estudios petrológicos (30 muestras) y análisis hidrogeoquímico (9 muestras de agua), determinaron que los iones, coloides y moléculas originados por la meteorización de los silicatos y sulfuros que se encuentran en el río se deben a contaminación natural. Palabras claves: Energía libre, índice de saturación, diagrama Eh-pH, disolución, hidrogeoquímica. ABSTRACT With the results, we can point out that the wheathering produced reactions of hydrolyse, oxidation, silicate´s dissolution, sulphurs and sulphur reactions; originating secondary minerals (clays, H4SiO4, SiO2, Fe2O3, FeOOH, Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Na+, K+, SO42-, Pb2+, H2AsO-4, Cu2+), part of the weathering products going to the hydrologic system, and another part remains in the soil due to its low mobility, or for cationic or anionic interchange; these reactions are determined by the free energy, Eh and pH. The hydrochemistry analysis is based on the free energy, constant of balance, saturation index, graphs Eh-pH, rNa/rCl and rCl/rHCO3-2and, standing out to be calc-sodic water, due to the silicates weathering. Basing on the results obtained of the information of free energy, we determined that all the reactions are related to the saturation index and basing on the graph Eh-pH, the iron and aluminium react forming hydroxides. Petrologic studies (30 samples) and hydrogeochemistry analysis (9 water samples), determined that the ions, colloids and molecules that are in the river owe to natural pollution. Keywords: Free energy, saturation index, Eh-pH diagram, dissolution, hydrogechemistry.