Standard rate constants of charge transfer for the redox couple Ti(IV)/Ti(III) in chloride-fluoride melts with the different cationic composition

The influence of the second coordination sphere of titanium complexes on the charge transfer kinetics of the Ti (IV)/Ti (III) redox couple in melts of alkali metal halides was studied by cyclic voltammetry method. Diffusion coefficients in the CsC-CsF (10 wt. %) melt were calculated. The standard rate constants of charge transfer have been determined by the Nicholson method. The activation energies of the charge transfer process in (NaCl- KCl)equimol-NaF (10 wt. %) — K2TiF6, KCl-KF (10 wt. %) — K2TiF6 and CsCl-CsF (10 wt. %) — K2TiF6 melts were calculated.

Electrical Properties of Li+-Substituted Solid Solutions Based on Gd2Zr2O7

Solid solution $${\text{G}}{{{\text{d}}}_{{2 - x}}}{\text{L}}{{{\text{i}}}_{x}}{\text{Z}}{{{\text{r}}}_{2}}{{{\text{O}}}_{{7 - x}}}$$ with a pyrochlore structure is synthesized for the first time. The cationic composition is confirmed via chemical analysis and nuclear reactions. It is found that the stoichiometry with respect to lithium is retained up to 1100°C. The lattice parameter diminishes in the homogeneity range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.30, while the free volume of migration grows. Introducing lithium into the Gd sublattice raises oxygen–ion conductivity, due to the emergence of oxygen vacancies and enhancement of their mobility. Maximum conductivity is reached for composition with х = 0.10 (~1 × 10−3 Ω−1 cm−1, 650°C). An assumption is made about the formation of associates of the type $${{\{ {\text{Li}}_{{{\text{Gd}}}}^{{''}} \cdot {\text{V}}_{{\text{o}}}^{{ \bullet \bullet }}\} }^{ \times }}$$ at high contents of the dopant (x = 0.30), accompanied by an increase in the activation energy of conductivity.

Sensitive RHEED signature of Ti-excess enabling enhanced cationic composition control during the molecular beam epitaxy of SrTiO3 based solid solutions

Monitoring the appearance of half-order streaks along the [210] RHEED azimuths instead of along the [100] azimuths during the MBE growth of SrTiO3 thin layers provides an improved accuracy of ±6.7% on the control of the cationic composition.

A New Perspective for Litholysis? Influence of Amines on the Solubility of Kindney Stones in Vitro

It was shown that amines increase the equilibrium solubility of uric acid kidney<br>stones substantially and stabilize the process of litholysis in due course. However, these amines compete with ammonium in salt formation. Imidazole and triethanolamine are stabilize of uric acid solubility when [NH 4+ ] < 20 mM, and piperazine promotes the dissolution of uric acid if [NH 4+ ] > 46 mM. In salt solutions simulating complete cationic composition of<br>human urine, solubility of uric acid is practically the same for the systems with imidazole and piperazine and it is some lower for triethanolamine containing system

A New Perspective for Litholysis? Influence of Amines on the Solubility of Kindney Stones in Vitro

It was shown that amines increase the equilibrium solubility of uric acid kidney<br>stones substantially and stabilize the process of litholysis in due course. However, these amines compete with ammonium in salt formation. Imidazole and triethanolamine are stabilize of uric acid solubility when [NH 4+ ] < 20 mM, and piperazine promotes the dissolution of uric acid if [NH 4+ ] > 46 mM. In salt solutions simulating complete cationic composition of<br>human urine, solubility of uric acid is practically the same for the systems with imidazole and piperazine and it is some lower for triethanolamine containing system