Evaluating Fire Risk of Long-term Care Hospitals for the Elderly

Long-term care hospitals for the elderly have a high risk of fire. To reduce this risk, the installation of a horizontal refuge area has been stipulated since 2015. However, most hospitals are still at risk due to the lack of retroactive regulations. Therefore, in this study, the efficiency of the horizontal refuge area was analyzed through evacuation safety evaluation using fire and evacuation simulations. As a result of evacuation safety evaluation for the two hospitals, the reduction ratio of evacuation time was 70% (day time) and 77% (night time). In addition, evacuation safety can be secured through the installation of a horizontal refuge area. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for preparing retroactive regulations for horizontal refuge areas in long-term care hospitals for the elderly in the future.

Practical Study of Residential Society

The project of this residential building was very successful. It has all the amenities that can make life easier and happier. We have take this project to understand the function and system to build a best residential buildings in future which will help us to achieve good knowledge of work and things to be considered while construction of residential buildings. This project has help us to achieve practical experience and basic concepts clearly. Also we learned how to take care of clients desirable flat and how to build according to that. We have learnt how to build the amenities like club house, gym, kids play area, jogging track, etc and give them a great infrastructure for eg. Jogging track :- it should have concrete blocks arranged in a patterned colour and track should be surrounded with plant's and tree's and width of the track should be spacious. We also learned how to build and where to build the things that must have in the flats and building of residential construction that includes lift, Refuge area, electricity connection , fire alarming system installation, etc. In this project we did taken part in the plan of flat construction and we observed the process from making wall till painting and finishing of it. We did helped to build the wall and coloum construction with the help the workers and under the guidance of chief engineer. By the help of this project we learned to use our knowledge at best level and construction of buildings that is good in infrastructure, good for comfortable and lavish lifestyle and at reasonable cost. Overall this project has given us practice experience and knowledge so that we can perform better and give out best in our career as a civil engineer.

Pinna nobilis in the south Marmara Islands (Sea of Marmara); it still remains uninfected by the epidemic and acts as egg laying substratum for an alien invader

A total of 12 Pinna nobilis beds were found and studied at depths varying between 2 and 6 m in the south Marmara Islands (Sea of Marmara). Fan mussel individuals in the beds were healthy with a few old dead specimens, indicating that the epidemic, which has devastated P. nobilis populations in the Mediterranean Sea, has not reached the Sea of Marmara, making the region a refuge area for the species. The average density of P. nobilis in the area varied between 0.6 ind.10 m-2 and 24 ind.10 m-2. The P. nobilis shells overall provided substrata or refuge for 14 species (10 sessile and 4 motile organisms), from macroalgae to fish. Shells of juvenile and adult specimens had different species assemblages. Four distinct assemblages were detected on shells, primarily formed by the red alga Gracilaria bursa-postaris, egg cocoons of the invasive alien Rapana venosa, the gastropod Bittium reticulatum and the serpulid polychaete Spirobranchus polytrema.

Buenavistita en Maryland. Un enclave étnico en la migración internacional

This paper aims to show the sociocultural adaptation strategy of a group of mestizo migrants from Chiapas residing in “Buenavistita,” Laurel, Maryland, U.S. The methodology is qualitative, based on interviews and participant observation. The findings allow us to argue that the migratory experience forces them to loosen their identity boundaries inward the ethnic group to reconstitute themselves, survive away, and maintain their Mexican mestizo status. Resulting in the formation of territorial enclaves where they identified against those who label them as illegal, this being the way to defend themselves in a racialized society. This work contributes empirically to migration studies with the case of Chiapanecos mestizos. Although we conclude that the enclave is for them a refuge area, little can be said about other experiences of migrants from Chiapas around ethnicity and the blend of cultures.

Structure and genetic diversity of Theobroma speciosum (Malvaceae) and implications for Brazilian Amazon conservation

The genetic diversity of Theobroma speciosum is important because its use in breeding programs, once the species is closely related to species of great economic value such as Theobroma cacao (cocoa) and Theobroma grandiflorum (cupuaçu). Thus, the objective of this work is to characterize the intra and interpopulational genetic diversity of Theobroma speciosum in natural populations in the Brazilian Amazon. Ninety individuals of T. speciosum from four populations localized in different states of legal Amazon were selected and genotyped. The data were obtained by fluorescence microsatellite analysis and the number of alleles, number of private alleles, fixation index, observed and expected heterozygosity were analyzed. Bayesian analysis, AMOVA and PCOa were used to reveal the molecular genetic structure of the populations, using the programs Structure and GenAIEx 6.5, respectively. All populations studied present great levels of gene diversity, although, there was a greater similarity among the AUR, API and MAC populations, while RBC population presented higher heterozygosity and less inbreeding than the others, becoming a possible refuge area in the Amazon, and the most important population for T. speciosum conservation.

Time-delayed predator–prey interaction with the benefit of antipredation response in presence of refuge

A field experiment on terrestrial vertebrates observes that direct predation on predator–prey interaction can not only affect the population dynamics but the indirect effect of predator’s fear (felt by prey) through chemical and/or vocal cues may also reduce the reproduction of prey and change their life history. In this work, we have described a predator–prey model with Holling type II functional response incorporating prey refuge. Irrespective of being considering either a constant number of prey being refuged or a proportion of the prey population being refuged, a different growth rate and different carrying capacity for the prey population in the refuge area are considered. The total prey population is divided into two subclasses: (i) prey x in the refuge area and (ii) prey y in the predatory area. We have taken the migration of the prey population from refuge area to predatory area. Also, we have considered a benefit from the antipredation response of the prey population y in presence of cost of fear. Feasible equilibrium points of the proposed system are derived, and the dynamical behavior of the system around equilibria is investigated. Birth rate of prey in predatory region has been regarded as bifurcation parameter to examine the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation in the neighborhood of the interior equilibrium point. Moreover, the conditions for occurrence of transcritical bifurcations have been determined. Further, we have incorporated discrete-type gestational delay on the system to make it more realistic. The dynamical behavior of the delayed system is analyzed. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to verify the analytical results.

Are seamounts refuge areas for fauna from polymetallic nodule fields?

Seamounts are abundant and prominent features on the deep-sea floor and intersperse with the nodule fields of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ). There is a particular interest in characterising the fauna inhabiting seamounts in the CCZ because they are the only other ecosystem in the region to provide hard substrata besides the abundant nodules on the soft-sediment abyssal plains. It has been hypothesised that seamounts could provide refuge for organisms during deep-sea mining actions or that they could play a role in the (re-)colonisation of the disturbed nodule fields. This hypothesis is tested by analysing video transects in both ecosystems, assessing megafauna composition and abundance. Nine video transects (ROV dives) from two different license areas and one Area of Particular Environmental Interest in the eastern CCZ were analysed. Four of these transects were carried out as exploratory dives on four different seamounts in order to gain first insights into megafauna composition. The five other dives were carried out in the neighbouring nodule fields in the same areas. Variation in community composition observed among and along the video transects was high, with little morphospecies overlap along intra-ecosystem transects. Despite the observation of considerable faunal variations within each ecosystem, differences between seamounts and nodule fields prevailed, showing significantly different species associations characterising them, thus calling into question their use as a possible refuge area.

How to interpret Holocene palaeoenvironmental and cultural changes in SW Iberia based on the palynological record from the GeoB23519-01 core (RV METEOR cruise M152)

<p>The southwest of the Iberian peninsula is, due to its border position between Africa and Europe, a key territory of major geoarchaeological interest, as well as a reservoir of biodiversity and a wildlife refuge area during the Holocene. Bioclimatic conditions have been significantly unstable during this period in the Western Mediterranean. Therefore, further studies are still required to understand how abrupt climate changes such as the 8.2 and 4.2 ka cal BP events impacted societies and environment.</p><p> </p><p>In November 2018 the RV Meteor cruise M-152 retrieved 19 vibracores and 4 gravity cores along the Algarve coast after mapping the bathymetry. One of these cores, GeoB23519-01, was taken 65 m below present sea level and recovered 365 cm of sediment. Four potential event layers were identified over the last 11 ka cal BP and, at least two of them, are related to tsunami deposits (<em>ca</em>. 4370 cal BP and AD 1755).</p><p> </p><p>This sedimentary archive was analysed in a multi-proxy approach, including palynological and micropalaeontological analyses, which allow characterizing palaeoenvironmental changes along the core. However, considering the characteristics of these deposits, we raise questions about how complex this palynological record is and how it mirrors some short-term events, climate dynamics, and cultural disruptions.</p>

Biodiversitas Ikan Di Refuge Area Sungai Kapas Tengah Hutan Harapan Jambi Sebagai Database Aplikasi Go Iwak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biodivesitas ikan di Refuge area Sungai Kapas bagian Tengah Butan Harapan Jambi. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada Juli-Agustus 2019 di Sungai Kapas Hutan Harapan Jambi. Penentuan refuge area dilakukan dengan menyusuri Sungai Kapas bagian tengah untuk menemukan anak-anak sungai yang sudah terputus dengan Sungai kapas,, serta bagian sungai kapas serta areal lubuk di Sungai Kapas. Terdapat 4 Refufe area yang dijadikan stasiun yaitu Stasiun 1 Putusan Marihot, Stasin dua Muara Bato, Stasiun 3 Lubuk Kapas, dan Stasiun 4 Lubuk Bato. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan jala lempar , seruo, dan jaring insang, serta tray net. Hasil Penelitian didapatkan 375 ekor ikan, melputi 50 spesies, 29 genus, dan 14 famili, serta 6 ordo. Pada stasiun 2 (Putusan Marihot) ditemukan paling banyak jumlah ikan 151 ekor, diiukuti stasin 3 (Lubuk Kapas) 111 ekor, stasiun 3 (Muara Bato) 71 ekor dan Stasiun 4 ( Lubuk Bato ) 42 ekor. Jumlah spesies setiap stasiun 1 (8 spesies), Stasiun 2 (16 spesies), (29 spesies), stasiun 4( 18 spesies).