Control solar en envolvente vidriada tropical para mejorar el desempeño energético-ambiental por climatización

Con el objetivo de fundamentar la estrategia de control solar como propuesta efectiva en la rehabilitación energética de un edificio de oficinas de los años 50´s, se realiza un diagnóstico del comportamiento de la demanda energética por climatización debido a su fenestración translúcida. Para el estudio se modelan los tipos de espacios más comunes (con una, dos o tres fachadas de vidrio) los cuales son objeto de simulaciones horarias que permiten pronosticar la demanda de energía anual para enfriamiento. Además, se determina el impacto ambiental que provoca este tipo de carpintería en las condiciones tropicales, de alta incidencia solar y de producción de energía de Cuba. Se utiliza Energy Plus, el motor más reconocido y avanzado de Simulación Energética de Edificios, desarrollado por el Departamento de Energía de los EEUU. Fundamentadas en los resultados se realizan y evalúan dos propuestas de diseño de control solar en las fachadas sureste y suroeste, las cuales demuestran su efectividad a partir del ahorro pronóstico anual de energía eléctrica por climatización consecuencia del recurso de sombreado. También se demuestra la influencia de la orientación en el diseño de los elementos componentes de la envolvente vertical para favorecer, con su especificidad local, la eficiencia energética, la identidad; así como la cultura energética convocada por la dirección de la nación. In order to justify the strategy of solar control like effective proposal in the energetic rehabilitation of an office building of the years 50 ´s. This paper present a diagnosis of the behavior of the cooling energetic demand due to its glazed windows. For the study are modeled the types of spaces more common of the building (with one, two or three glass facades) which are simulated each one hour to predict the annual energy demand for cooling. In addition, the environmental impact is determined that causes this window type in the tropical conditions, of high solar incidence and dependence of fuels imported for the energy generation in Cuba. It is used Energy Plus the most advanced motor in Energy Simulation of Buildings, developed by U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Office. Based in the results are carried out and evaluate three designs of solar control in the facades southeast and southwest, which demonstrate their effectiveness in the saving annual of electric power for cooling. The results demonstrate the influence of the orientation in the design of the vertical envelope component elements to favor, with their local specificity, the energy efficiency and the identity, as well as the energetic culture convoked by the government of the nation.

Perancangan Sistem Pelaporan Absensi Berbasis Web pada PT. Solar Control Specialist (SCS)

Kemudahan akses internet saat ini dapat dimanfaatkan dengan baik dalam pengembangan sistem informasi pada perusahaan maju. Pengembangan tersebut salah satunya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pelaporan absensi secara online. PT. SCS merupakan perusahaan yang mengembangkan sistem pelaporan absensi berbasis Web. Untuk menyelesaikan permasalah pelaporan absensi pegawai. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah pada saat pegawai (teknisi dan tenaga kerja lapangan) melakukan absensi, diwajibkan untuk melakukan finger print terlebih dahulu sebelum melakukan pekerjaan. Hal tersebut dirasa cukup berat, diakarenakan teknisi dan tenaga kerja lapangan diharuskan untuk menangani masalah pelanggan terlebih dahulu. Kadang kala jarak dari tempat pelanggan dan kantor cukup jauh membuat teknisi dan tenaga kerja lapangan kewalahan untuk melakukan absen tepat waktu. Pengembangan sistem ini dibuat menggunakan metode Waterfall serta SWOT Analysis untuk dapat mendefinisikan kebutuhan sistem. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi dan wawancara. Adapun perancangan sistem ini dibuat dengan UML Diagram dilanjutkan dengan perancangan layout sistem. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perancangan sistem pelaporan absensi berbasis Web yang dapat membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut.

APLIKASI LOUVER UNTUK PENGONTROLAN PENCAHAYAAN ALAMI PADA RUMAH TINGGAL

Pemanfaatan pencahayaan alami pada rumah tinggal dapat tercapai secara optimal jika mampu memanfaatkan bukaan-bukaan, seperti: jendela, skylight, dan ventilasi. Pencahayaan matahari yang masuk dari samping atau dari atas bangunan dapat diatur kuantitasnya dengan menggunakan louver. Pada masa pandemi Corona seperti saat ini menyebabkan waktu kita sebagian besar dihabiskan di rumah. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan model louver yang paling mampu mengoptimalkan pencahayaan alami pada rumah tinggal khususnya pada ruang kerja, ruang makan, dan dapur. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah rumah tipe 27/60 yang menghadap ke arah barat daya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan simulasi Ecotect. Ada 3 model rumah yang disimulasikan, yaitu: model rumah eksisting dan 2 model rumah yang dimodifikasi baik dari bentuk rumah dan model bukaannya. Ketiga model rumah tersebut disimulasikan menjadi 3 kondisi, yaitu: tanpa louver, horizontal louver, dan vertical louver. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan horizontal louver lebih mampu mengurangi cahaya matahari yang masuk dibandingkan vertikal louver. Model yang terbaik adalah model 2 dengan solar control berupa horizontal louver. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena model 2-horizontal louver mempunyai selisih nilai lux dengan SNI 6197:2020 yang paling rendah dan mempunyai tingkat uniformity ratio cukup tinggi.

Experimental Analysis of Passive Strategies in Houses with Glass Façades for the Use of Natural Light

The main objective of this research was to analyze the passive solutions that help to reduce energy consumption through the use of natural light in buildings. In this case, the analysis focused on the use of natural light in buildings with all façades made of glass. Buildings designed with the criterion of regenerative sustainability, such as glass buildings, consider not only energy efficiency and the use of renewable and/or alternative energies, but also the improvement of the health and well-being of users—very important factors during an era in which the time spent at home has been increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic (disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus). This experimental research was based on the analysis of data collected during a full year of monitoring of two scale models of Farnsworth House, a house with glass façades in all of its orientations. The results allowed us to conclude that these passive elements must be taken into account in the initial design of a building; a solar control sheet is also advisable in this type of glass building because it greatly reduces the illuminance inside the spaces, and the use of overhangs distributes the illuminance inside the rooms more evenly. In addition, the use of scale models provides a more accurate view of the parameters related to light energy.

Thermal Behavior in Glass Houses through the Analysis of Scale Models

Reducing energy expenditure in the construction sector requires the implementation of passive strategies in buildings. In Spain, consumption is centered on air conditioning systems associated with the demand for the building’s thermal envelope. A critical point of the enclosures is represented by glazed holes where much of the energy that is consumed is lost; however, homes increasingly tend to have large window openings due to the comfort and visual well-being they provide to users. In this study, we focus on an extreme case, analyzing a fully glazed house in its four orientations. It is necessary to evaluate the most energy efficient passive strategy for this type of construction. The results are based on the temperature analysis obtained during the monitoring of two scale models of a glass house. The results indicate that solar control foil glasses perform better in warmer weather stations. Regarding the cantilever installation, it influences the interior temperature and the central hours of the day, mitigating the increase in temperature as well as slowing the nighttime cooling.

MicroShade; A Bridge to the Future of Efficient Shading Design

Along with many benefits of daylight in interior space, undesirable solar heat gain and glare have been always challenging. Shading strategies like overhang, louvers, manual and automatic blinds, etc.; are to control unfavorable direct sunlight. Solar UV, IR, and glare control glazing materials are increasingly used instead of shading design, especially for high-rise buildings. Notwithstanding the advantages of solar control glazing, there is a concern about how LowE glazing affects the overall daylight availability in a space. On the other hand, in lack of shade, glare is still a big challenge for solar control glazing strategies. In this study, a MicroShade strategy (solar control coating with 37% VT) is proposed in between interior heat-control clear-glass panes and based on an optimized shading design. A single 12’ * 16’ office room is then studied based on a MicroShade window for south orientation and is compared with an ASHRAE 90.1 code approved LowE glazing strategy (65% VT) without shade. Annual daylight simulations show that totally LowE glass window contributes to higher available daylight. However, close to the window, the MicroShade system has less undesirable illuminance (above 2000 lux), and possible glare. The result of glare simulations, for 7 representative days during hot and warm seasons (5 times per day), show not many differences. Although probably due to reflections of MicroShade materials in general MicroShade system shows 1-2 DGP higher than the other two systems, for the times that solar angle is lower, MicroShade plays a better role in terms of glare control.