scholarly journals MicroShade; A Bridge to the Future of Efficient Shading Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Arjmand Mazidi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Clear Glass ◽  
Solar Control ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Solar Control Glazing ◽  
The Times ◽  
Solar Angle

Along with many benefits of daylight in interior space, undesirable solar heat gain and glare have been always challenging. Shading strategies like overhang, louvers, manual and automatic blinds, etc.; are to control unfavorable direct sunlight. Solar UV, IR, and glare control glazing materials are increasingly used instead of shading design, especially for high-rise buildings. Notwithstanding the advantages of solar control glazing, there is a concern about how LowE glazing affects the overall daylight availability in a space. On the other hand, in lack of shade, glare is still a big challenge for solar control glazing strategies. In this study, a MicroShade strategy (solar control coating with 37% VT) is proposed in between interior heat-control clear-glass panes and based on an optimized shading design. A single 12’ * 16’ office room is then studied based on a MicroShade window for south orientation and is compared with an ASHRAE 90.1 code approved LowE glazing strategy (65% VT) without shade. Annual daylight simulations show that totally LowE glass window contributes to higher available daylight. However, close to the window, the MicroShade system has less undesirable illuminance (above 2000 lux), and possible glare. The result of glare simulations, for 7 representative days during hot and warm seasons (5 times per day), show not many differences. Although probably due to reflections of MicroShade materials in general MicroShade system shows 1-2 DGP higher than the other two systems, for the times that solar angle is lower, MicroShade plays a better role in terms of glare control.

scholarly journals A SOLUBLE ANTIGEN OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS

1940 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Smadel ◽  
M. J. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Soluble Substance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Times

Anti-soluble substance antibodies and neutralizing substances, which develop following infection with the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis, appear to be separate entities. The times of appearance and regression of the two antibodies are different in both man and the guinea pig; the antisoluble substance antibodies appear earlier and remain a shorter time. Moreover, mice develop them but no demonstrable neutralizing substances. Injection of formalin-treated, virus-free extracts containing considerable amounts of soluble antigen fails to elicit anti-soluble substance antibodies and to induce immunity in normal guinea pigs; administration of such preparations to immune pigs, however, is followed by a marked increase in the titer of anti-soluble substance antibodies in their serum. On the other hand, suspensions of formolized washed virus are effective in normal guinea pigs in stimulating both anti-soluble substance antibodies and protective substances, and in inducing immunity to infection.

Problems for the architect and town planner caused by air in motion

1971 ◽  
Vol 269 (1199) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Motion Range ◽  
The Subject

This short paper makes no original contribution to knowledge but simply describes and identifies a range of problems encountered in practice by town planners and architects. The term ‘ architectural ’ in the subject title of the Discussion Meeting is taken to imply that the results of aerodynamic research are now as applicable to architectural as to engineering problems. Architecture is broadly interpreted as the coordination of many techniques to give significant form to social programmes. As this is a comprehensive activity, it follows that the problems caused by air in motion range from the location and layout of whole cities at one end of the scale, to the design of a window or the control of an ornamental jet of water at the other. In the middle of this range typical problems arise from the siting of buildings singly and in groups, and in the structure and cladding of high-rise and low-rise buildings to resist wind, rain penetration and air-borne pollution.

scholarly journals THE CRITICISM OF LITERALISM IN READING THE QUR'AN THROUGH NASR HAMID ABU ZAYD HERMENEUTICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naupal Naupal
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Hermeneutic Circle ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

Abu Zayd believes that understanding the Qur'an is not limited to explanations or comments. It involves an interpretation process for capturing the significance (maghza) from the literal text. Interpretation also requires a presupposition that the Qur'an itself does not produce literal absolutes and certainty. The presupposition needs an interpretation that illustrates the possibility of accepting the diversity of Qur'anic interpretations in the times. By using Abu Zayd's hermeneutics, the Qur'an is an icon of Islam and at the same time a representation of Arab culture itself which is not necessarily literally absolute, but is open to interpretation. Hans Georg Gadamer's hermeneutic circle that inspired Hermeneutics of Abu Zayd emphasized that in understanding and applying the meanings of the text, the subject played a role in the text rather than the other way around. This study aims to open opportunities that the Qur'an on the one hand is an objective thing seen from the content of its truth, that is seen from its universal message, but on the other hand it is subjective, because it is bound by the interpretation of the text. This research is also intended to avoid the sacredness of the ordination of a single interpretation of the Qur'an which has resulted in the emergence of fundamentalism which has recently become so prevalent in global Islamic societies, not least in Indonesia.

scholarly journals A Literature Review of Early Housing Units: History, Evolution, Economy and Functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-78
Author(s):  
Rumana Khan Shirwani ◽  
Muhamad Kamran ◽  
Ayesha Mehmood Malik
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Western World ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Agricultural Societies ◽  
The Times

Housing and its evolution constitutes an important study for all councils. This paper limns the encyclopaedic timeline of housing from the times of pre-urban dwellings of nomadic, semi-nomadic, and sedentary agricultural societies to the present day, while focusing on the chunks of a comprehensive architecture, history and anthropology. A detailed literature review made it evident that early urban dwellings were insular and extended around an internal patio. Lately, these housing forms lasted in the original metropolitan house arrangements in the Islamic world, China, India, Latin America, the Iberian Peninsula and the Indian subcontinent like Indus valley civilization. After the fall of the Roman Empire, there was a drift towards peripheral house forms which engaged the early forms of urban settlement in the world today. The study also revealed that the Middle Age dwellings functioned as both residences and work places, yet with the passage of time the buildings became more functionalized, thus dividing dwellings and work places from each other. With the advent of the industrial revolution, there were remarkable variations in the suburban expansion of housing in the western world that became isolated along socioeconomic outlines and the housing types diverged with less populated, single-family communities at one extreme and densely populated, high rise, multi-family apartments at the other extreme. It is concluded that the side effects of the American transportation system have resulted into rigorous peripheral dwellings which includes ineffective use of land, air contamination and the city degeneration suggesting solutions based on a rich variety of historical examples.

scholarly journals Past as the Other – The Other as Past

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Staša Babić
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
The Times ◽  
Modern Identity ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Written Sources

Modern academic disciplines of anthropology, history and archaeology are founded in the cultural, social, political context of the 18th and 19th centuries, at the times of the colonial expansion of the West European countries. Although demarcated by the objects of their study ("primitive societies", the past according to written sources, or material evidence), all these disciplines are grounded in the need to distinguish and strengthen the modern identity of the Europeans as opposed to the Others in space and time.

scholarly journals The Management Mode and Personnel Quality of International Students Management in Colleges and Universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Yuhong Chen ◽  
Xiaozhuo Huo ◽  
Nannan Chen
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Management Mode ◽  
Internationalization Of Education ◽  
Major Trend ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

<p>The education system of colleges and universities is in the process of reform, and the internationalization of education has become a major trend of development. The number of foreign students is increasing, so the management of foreign students must be reformed. According to the current situation, in the management of foreign students, on the one hand, we should carry out a new management mode for foreign students in accordance with the requirements of the times; on the other hand, we should pay attention to improving the comprehensive quality of foreign students and those who stay in China.</p>

scholarly journals TRADISI IJTIHAD: MENGEMBALIKAN SEMANGAT PROGRESIVITAS ISLAM

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ah. Fawaid
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Current Challenge ◽  
The Times

<p>The tradition of <em>ijtihad</em> became a rare activity conducted. This tradition on the other hand seems to be the authority of the religious elite and another hand, yet the tradition of <em>ijtihad</em> which should be further developed. It became the spirit of Islamic progressivity. Without this tradition, Islam seems to be frozen and stutter for the challenges of the times. It must be realized that the current challenge may be resolved not merely refer to the creativity of the past. Contemporary challenges must be faced and solved by the present creativity as well. Creativity is a time only in the context of time resolve the problem and not always just as drawn to the matter at different times. Any period has a different way and solution in accordance with the challenges of his time. Similarly, each community has a different solution when faced with problems, even at the same time and same problem. This is where the interpretation of reality gave birth to the diversity of interpretation of a role as well as the diversity of truth. And moving the tradition of <em>ijtihad</em> is one of the efforts to mobilize Islam.</p>

scholarly journals The Influence of Charismatic Church Development on Religious Christians Life in the City of Semarang 1970-2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Oni Andhi Asmara ◽  
Endang Susilowati ◽  
Agustinus Supriyono
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Church Development ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
Worship Services ◽  
The Times ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The City

This article discusses the development of the Charismatic church on the Christians life in Semarang City in 1970-2015 using historical methods and using social religion approach. Since its inception in 1970, the Charismatic church in the city of Semarang has had a major influence on the Christian life in the city. A series of innovations in worship and evangelism that are adapted to the times have made the Charismatic church much in demand by Christians in big cities, one of them is Semarang. Christian interest in the Charismatic church can be seen from the development of the number of Charismatic churches in the city of Semarang. One of the Charismatic churches that is experiencing rapid development is JKI Injil Kerajaan. In the beginning, there were 25 people in the congregations. One decade later it reached 3,557 people and continued to increase to 13,324 people on the next decade. This rapid development has brought significant changes to the Christians life in the city of Semarang. It can be seen, among others, from the increasing number of churches that are full of Charismatic churches at worship services. But on the other hand, the presence of Charismatic church with a new pattern of worship caused less harmonious relationship between non-Charismatic churches and charismatic churches as the result of the high increasing number of original church people who moved to the Charismatic church. It is because Christians in Semarang are mostly more interested in taking worship in the Charismatic church.

scholarly journals LEGAT W PRAWIE RZYMSKIM

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Loska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
General Concept ◽  
The Other ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Legal Effect ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Times ◽  
Concept Of Law

A LEGACY IN THE ROMAN LAWSummary A notion of a legacy did not exist in the archaic Roman law as a homogenous concept of law and it developed as late as in the pre-classical Roman law. Even then, however, only particular types of legacies, rather than their general concept, were defined. Nevertheless, one may say that a legacy was a civil law instrument by means of which a testator left a certain economic benefit to a particular person, not making him\her an inheritor.At the beginning there were four basic types of legacy in the Roman law: legatum per vindicationem, legatum per praeceptionem, legatum per damnationem and legatum sinendi modo. The first two types had an effect of a disposition while the two latter ones of an obligation only. In sources there also exist two other types: legatum optionis and legatum partitionis. This last mentioned is similar to a later established concept of a fideicommissum, an informal legacy, which became actionable in the times of the Emperor August.Already in the ancient times one may observe a decrease in the significance of these types of legacy, the effects of which directly related to the ownership of objects (legatum per vindicationem and legatum per praeceptioneni).They were connected with the notion o f an ownership according to ius civile and formal means of transferring the ownership. They lost its significance when - beside the oldest civil law - praetorian law and emperors’ constitutions appeared and when the ownership was standardised. After the issuance of senatusconsultum Neronianum in the 1st century AD it became possible to retain the legal effectiveness of the legacies which until then were considered invalid due to a failure to preserve an appropriate form; an ex /^ con version took place. It resulted most probably in converting invalid legacies into legatum per damnationem.In the subsequent centuries, emperors’ constitutions led to a harmonisation o f the concept of legacy (while the division between the legacy having an effect of a disposition and an obligation was still preserved), and later on to equalisation in the legal effect of formal and informal legacies. The most important regulations were: the constitution of the Emperor Constantinus dated 339 AD, which abolished the requirement of solemnitas verbum and two constitutions of the Emperor Iustinianus - the first - dated 529 AD - introduced an identical legal nature of all legacies, the other - dated 531 AD - completely equalised legacies with fideicommissa. 

Dilute LaB6 nanoparticles in polymer as optimized clear solar control glazing

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (24) ◽  
pp. 4346-4348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schelm ◽  
Geoff B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Solar Control ◽  
Solar Control Glazing
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