Analysis of International Patent Applications for Inventions Like Traditional Herbal Medicines

Numerous applications have been filed for patents based on bio-inventions in the Indian patent office. Although there is not any international patent, there is a system of international patent applications whereby the applicant may designate name of countries where they wish to file application for patents nationally. According to international patent classification, the concern class for such a patent applications is A61K36/00. More particularly, the international class (IC) A61K36/00 relates to medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof (e.g., traditional herbal medicines). International applications filings under patent cooperation treaty (PCT) for patent purposes can be accessed at the Patentscope (patent search tool of WIPO). All international patent applications for such TK-based inventions have been accessed online at Patentscope using the classification code A61K36 for this study.

Identity of Applicants for Priority Rights and the EPO’s CRISPR-Cas/Broad Institute Decision T 0844/18 ‒ Scope of the EPO’s ‘Formal Review’ to Establish Identity of the Holder of the Priority Right

The Technical Board of Appeal 3.3.08 (hereinafter ‘the Board’) has handed down the much-awaited written decision regarding the denial of the CRISPR/Cas9 patent EP2771468. The Board did not acknowledge the patentee’s claim to priority from a provisional US application naming more applicants than the subsequent Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) application from which the European patent was derived. The Board considered the priority claim invalid because there was no identity between the applicants of the prior and subsequent application. This article does not second-guess the ‘all applicants’ approach as confirmed by the Board, but considers the consequences of the decision for the claiming of priority by the ‘same applicants’

A WIPO Pearl szabadalmi terminológiai adatbázis bemutatása

A tanulmány célja a Szellemi Tulajdonjog Világszervezet (World Intel- lectual Property Organization, WIPO) szabadalmi fordítási osztálya által (Patent Cooperation Treaty Translation Division)1,2 megvalósított, nyilvánosan elérhető WIPO Pearl szabadalmi terminológiai adatbázis bemutatása. A terminológiai adat- bázis leírása és elemzése a Tamás és Sermann (2019a, 2019b) kísérleti szempontrend- szer alapján készült, amelynek célja, hogy a nyomtatott és elektronikus szótárak elemzési módszereit követve a nagy szervezetek online terminológiai adatbázisok elemzései is lehetőség szerint szakmailag objektív szempontok alapján készüljenek. Ennek megfelelően az írás összegzi a terminológiai adatbázissal kapcsolatos háttér- információkat, a technikai paramétereket, az adatbázis tartalmáról és használatáról szóló információkat, továbbá kitér a szabadalmi terminológia sajátos jellemzőire.

Patent value index

Objective. The Patent Value Index is created to identify the most valuable patents based on the evidence yielded by different agents in the patenting chain. Design/Methodology/Approach. The agents and indicators are the following: (a) patent holder (number of countries where the invention is protected); (b) Brazilian IP Office (INPI, the patent-granting agent), and (c) users (number of citations). Brazilian green patents were selected for the application of the index. Data was collected on the Global Patent Index. 478 patents were found, the values of which were calculated by the index. Using the overall score median, the population was divided into two groups: (1) upper-half median (composed of the highest-scoring patents) and (2) lower-half median (lowest-scoring patents). Results/Discussion. The results identified converging behavior among the values demonstrated by the three agents, as the patents in the first 183 positions evidence that 65.5% are from foreign countries, 77.6% belong to companies, 96.2% have a patent family, 86.9% have a Patent Cooperation Treaty request, 78.7% were granted, and 74.9% are cited by other patents. Regarding the 295 patents of the lower median, 94.6% are Brazilian, 44.7% belong to individuals, 22.2% were granted, 4% are cited, and 9.6% have a patent family. Conclusions. The constructed index can be used for those patentometric studies aimed at investigating qualitative aspects of inventions. Originality/Value. A value triad, –with data available in databases–, is created to evaluate patents according to different agents in the inventive chain.

Patentes prioritárias depositadas no Brasil e com proteção na via Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)

Introdução: A patente apresenta importância tanto na esfera informacional como econômica. O Tratado de Cooperação de Patentes (PCT) é uma forma de estender a proteção do depósito de patentes e é a partir dele que o estudo se consolida. Objetivos: Trata-se de uma análise patentométrica com o objetivo caracterizar os pedidos de patentes prioritárias brasileiras depositadas na via PCT, e para este fim, utilizando a abordagem quantitativa-descritiva, a partir da base Derwent Innovation Index (DII). Metodologia: Os dados foram coletados em três etapas. Primeiro, buscou-se todas as patentes depositadas no Brasil no período de 2004 a 2019, resultando em 381.598 registros, formando o corpus principal. Deste corpus, foram extraídas as patentes com registro prioritário no Brasil, resultando em 263.104 registros. Por último, foi realizada a extração das patentes com o primeiro depósito prioritário no Brasil com extensão via PCT, resultando em 12.073 registros. Resultados: Deste resultado final, identificou-se 4,5% das patentes via PCT eram prioritárias no Brasil, e que os principais depositantes por essa via, a temporalidade dos registros e a classificação das patentes. Os principais depositantes são em sua maioria empresas multinacionais, provenientes dos Estados Unidos, China, Suécia, França, Japão, Alemanha e Itália, e universidades, no caso do Brasil. As publicações apresentam oscilação no período estipulado, mantendo uma média de 794 patentes ao ano. Os depósitos concentram-se principalmente em três grandes áreas: necessidades humanas, processos, operações e transportes e eletricidade. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a extensão da proteção pela via PCT não é uma prática recorrente pelos requerentes que depositam prioritariamente em território brasileiro.

Impact of the Patent Cooperation Treaty in Latin America

This study shows that the main beneficiaries of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) in three Latin American countries, which adhered to it as a result of the obligations provided for in free trade agreements, have been non-residents rather than local companies and individual inventors. This rebuts the frequently made argument that acceding to the PCT would generate incentives for local innovation and benefit local inventors by boosting their capacity to protect their developments in third countries. In the three countries considered in this study, the number of patents granted increased after accession to the treaty. This points to the risk of an erosion of the countries’ flexibilities in designing and implementing patent policies, as allowed by the TRIPS Agreement, with respect to the standards applied to assess eligibility for patent protection.

Analysis of International Patent Applications for Inventions Like Traditional Herbal Medicines

Numerous applications have been filed for patents based on bio-inventions in the Indian patent office. Although there is not any international patent, there is a system of international patent applications whereby the applicant may designate name of countries where they wish to file application for patents nationally. According to international patent classification, the concern class for such a patent applications is A61K36/00. More particularly, the international class (IC) A61K36/00 relates to medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof (e.g., traditional herbal medicines). International applications filings under patent cooperation treaty (PCT) for patent purposes can be accessed at the Patentscope (patent search tool of WIPO). All international patent applications for such TK-based inventions have been accessed online at Patentscope using the classification code A61K36 for this study.

5. The Procedure for Obtaining a European Patent

This chapter considers the procedure for obtaining a European patent directly from the European Patent Office (EPO) and indirectly from a competent patent office of a European Patent Convention (EPC) Contracting State or by international patent application under the Patent Cooperation Treaty 1970. It also considers the result of each procedure, and the focus within the European patent community on reducing the burden on patent applicants and improving patent quality with a view to minimizing the risk of a patent's revocation post-grant.