Role of Unani Herbal Formulation of Sumbul-Ut-teeb (Nardostachys jatamansi) & Khulanjan (Alpinia galangal) in the Management of Tashhamul kabid (Fatty Liver) in a Clinical Study

sumbul-ut-teeb (Nardostachys jatamansi) & khulanjan (Alpinia galanga)are extensively used drugs by our ancient Unani physicians for the management of Gastro hepatic diseases due to cold temperament such as gastritis,metabolic disorders, tashhamul kabid (fatty liver)

LITERARY REVIEW OF THREE HERBS (BRAHMI, SANKHAPUSPI, JATAMANSHI) USE FOR PROMOTION OF MEDHA (INTELLECT)

Health is a complete state of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. Every human being will reach the ultimate success of their life when they are full of Intellect. So, Ayurveda has been playing a great role in providing health to personal and the public from the very inception of human civilization. From the ancient era, many herbs were mentioned in Ayurveda which help in the promotion of the intellect of human beings. Acharya Charaka has mentioned in Charaka Chikitsa Rasayana Chapter some Medhya Rasayana herbs which help to in- crease our Medha (intellect), Improve Grahana Sakti (power of perception), Smriti (power of recalling), Agni (power of digestion and metabolism), Varna (complexion) and Svara (voice). Medhya Rasayana drugs improve mental faculties and mental function with the help of their properties. The present article reviewed different Ayur- vedic Classics of Samhita Period, Sangraha Period, Nighantu Period, Late Modern Period and of Contemporary Period to collect the information’s regarding the pharmacodynamics of drugs and their therapeutic uses to furnish here within a methodical manner for better understanding of their therapeutic efficacy of this drug by the scholars of this field. Through the review of the literature regarding Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Sankhapuspi (Convolvulus pluricaulischois), Jatamanshi (Nardostachys jatamansi) it has been observed that these drugs are potent Medhya(intellect) with the properties as mentioned in this article. Keywords: Medha, Intellect, Brahmi, Sankhapuspi, Jatamanshi.

A Comprehensive Review of Jatamansi (Nardostachys Jatamansi)

Jatamansi, that is Nardostachys jatamansi, is a well-known plant used in Ayurveda classics, which is used in “nervous headache, excitement, menopausal symptoms, flatulence, epilepsy and intestinal colic”. A lot of research has also been conducted on this plant exploring its pharmacological utilization. Though there are many review articles available on this plant but no review has comprehensively covered all aspects of Jatamansi. Objectives: This article is thus aim to collect and comprehensively review information available regarding the medicinal use of Jatamansi and identify areas that need further research. Data source: Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi) was reviewed from Samhitas and from more than 55 research articles for medicinal uses and other important aspects. Review methods: This review is in a narrative format and done from literature and publications relevant to Jatamansi that were identified through a systematic search of major computerized medical databases. Result: Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi) is concluded to have indications- Vatavyadhi, Shotha, Shoola, Daha, Varnavikara, Swedadhikya, Apasmara, Apatantraka, Unmada, Manasavikara, Mastishkadaurbalya, Shirahshoola, Agnimandya, Anaha, Udarashoola, Chhardi, Kamala, Hriddrava, Raktabharadhikya, Arsha, Hikka, Kasa, Shwasa, Mootrakrichchhra, Klaibya, Sadyovrana, Bhagna, Garbhashayashotha, Twagvikara, Vatarakta, Sannipatika jwara, Mukharoga, Netraroga, Vishavikara & Bhootabadha. Jatamansi also possesses activities like hepatoprotective, antifungal and antibacterial, cardio protective, hypolipidemic, antidepressant, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antiparkinson, anticonvulsant, antihyperglycemic, nootropic, anticancer and radioprotective. Conclusion: Ayurvedic indications of Nardostachys jatamansi are compared with Article concluded effect and then areas of further research are identified.

Nardosinone Alleviates Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms in Mice by Regulating Dopamine D2 Receptor

Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma (nardostachys) is the root and rhizome of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Recent studies have shown that nardostachys may exert an anti-PD effect. In this study, the UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS method was used to analyze the brain components of nardostachys in rats. Based on the results of UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS analysis, nardosinone was identified to be the most effective anti-PD compound in nardostachys. To further verify this inference, a mouse PD model was established and the effect of nardosinone on PD mice was determined using classic behavioral tests. The results showed that nardosinone was indeed effective for relieving PD symptoms in mice. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis was used to elucidate the mechanism underlying the anti-PD effect of nardosinone. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) was identified as the key target of nardosinone-PD interaction network, which was further verified by molecular docking and Western blotting. The results demonstrated that nardosinone and DRD2 could interact with each other. Furthermore, the expression level of DRD2 was decreased in the brain tissue of PD mice, and nardosinone could restore its expression to a certain extent. In conclusion, our findings suggest that nardosinone may reduce the motor and cognitive symptoms in the animal PD model by regulating DRD2 expression.

NARDOSTACHYS JATAMANSI: IMPORTANCE OF HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT AND ENDANGERED PLANT IN AYURVEDA

Medicinal herbs have a rich history of their utilization for a variety of ailments. India is considered among those countries which have produced a vast variety of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are the source of the discovery of new drugs across the world. Most of the drugs available today have some herbal content of plants in them. Due to this over-utilization of the herbal plant, it becomes endangered. Nardostachys jatamansi is a popular aromatic herbal plant. This plant is also on the verge of extinction due to the overexploitation of the rhizomes part of the herb. It is small, hairy, perennial, rhizomatous species of Valerianacea family. It is cultivated mostly in higher altitude areas. Jatamansi demonstrates various folk, Ayurvedic and pharmacological uses. Jatamansone and nardostachone are the main compounds present in the plant that possesses various activities like antimicrobial, antifungal, hypotensive, antiarrhythmic and anticonvulsant activity, etc. In this review, the phytochemicals pharmacological properties, Ayurvedic properties and folk uses of N. jatamansi are briefly explained.

Chemical Analysis of the Ingredients of 20% Aqueous Ethanol Extract of Nardostachys jatamansi through Phytochemical Study and Evaluation of Anti-Neuroinflammatory Component

Nardostachys spp. have been widely used in Asia as a folk medicine. In particular, the extracts of Nardostachys jatamansi, a species that grows in China, India, and Tibet, have been used to treat mental disorders, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and convulsions. In this investigation, the potential of 20% aqueous ethanol extract of N. jatamansi (NJ20) as a botanical drug was explored by chemically investigating its constituents and its anti-neuroinflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced in vitro and in vivo models. Nine secondary metabolites were isolated and identified from NJ20, and quantitative analysis of these metabolites revealed desoxo-narchinol A as the major constituent. In LPS-challenged cells, pretreatment with NJ20 inhibited the LPS-induced excessive production of proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. NJ20 also attenuated the overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2. Additionally, pre-intraperitoneal injection of NJ20 downregulated the mRNA overexpression of IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS in the prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus of the LPS-stimulated C57BL/c mouse model. Chemical and biological investigations of NJ20 revealed that it is a potential inhibitor of LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in microglial cells and mouse models. The major active constituent of NJ20, desoxo-narchinol A, demonstrated anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Hence, our findings indicate that NJ20 may be a promising herbal mixture for developing a functional product and/or herbal drug for treating neuroinflammatory diseases.