On the Condition of Covering Completeness in Associative Steganography

Previously, the completeness of the coverage was considered by the authors as an interpretation of a kind of logical interpretation of the criterion of perfect secrecy by K. Shannon – one of the necessary conditions that the concept of associative steganography should satisfy. The article shows that in reality, the completeness of coverage is a completely independent condition for ensuring the required level of data protection when analyzing scenes. It should not be associated with the criterion of K. Shannon.

Observations of the Economic Production Quantity Model With Imperfect Quality Items With/Without Inspection

Three observations of the economic production quantity model with imperfect quality items with/without inspection are presented in this report. Salameh and Jaber (2000) and Maddah and Jaber (2008) models do not meet their expected objective functions. The first observation tries to clarify the relationships among their expected objective functions and the actual ones through the derivation, the numerical simulation and statistical comparison. This report concludes s that both models are not very accurate, but capable. Khan et al. (2011) and Khan et al. (2014) ignored the independent condition of properties of the expectation of random variables, which resulted in minor errors in both papers. The second and the third observations are the corrections of the models of two papers, respectively. Numerical comparisons show the differences between the original models and the revisions are minor, but significant. An example of a multi-factor sensitivity analysis is shown in this report.

Observations of the Economic Production Quantity Model With Imperfect Quality Items With/Without Inspection

Three observations of the economic production quantity model with imperfect quality items with/without inspection are presented in this report. Salameh and Jaber (2000) and Maddah and Jaber (2008) models do not meet their expected objective functions. The first observation tries to clarify the relationships among their expected objective functions and the actual ones through the derivation, the numerical simulation and statistical comparison. This report concludes s that both models are not very accurate, but capable. Khan et al. (2011) and Khan et al. (2014) ignored the independent condition of properties of the expectation of random variables, which resulted in minor errors in both papers. The second and the third observations are the corrections of the models of two papers, respectively. Numerical comparisons show the differences between the original models and the revisions are minor, but significant. An example of a multi-factor sensitivity analysis is shown in this report.

ENDOSCOPY FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF SHUNT-INDEPENDENT CONDITION IN TREATMENT OF SLIT VENTRICLE SYNDROME

Objective: Objective: To demonstrate the results of neuroendoscopic operations for achievement of shunt-independent condition in treatment of slit ventricle syndrome. Methods: Forty-three cases were considered: adult patients aged 18 years and over – 5 (11.63%), and children aged 0-17 years – 38 (88.37%). Pediatric patients were divided into the following age groups: under 1 year – 6 (13.95%); 1-2 years – 7 (16.28%); 2-17 years – 25 (58.14%). The interval between operations was an average of 2 years 6 months (from 1 week to 16 years), and the period of observation after surgery – an average of 41.8 months (from 1 week to 100 months). Results: In children under 1 year, the efficiency was 83.3%; 1-2 years old – 71.4%; 2-17-years old – 92%; 60% of adult patients aged 18 and over. The effectiveness of operations performed using standard rigid endoscopes was 72.1%, and using a semi-rigid needle-shaped endoscope – 95.2%. In total, the overall efficiency of the ETV, aqueductoplasty, choroid plexus coagulation, cystocysternostomy, septostomy, ventricular stenting, revision and reconstruction of VPS, plasty and stenting of Foramen of Magendie and Lyushka, independently from the age of the patients, type of endoscopes was 83%. In 68.3% of cases shunt-independent state was achieved. Conclusions: Endoscopic methods have shown their high effectiveness in the treatment of patients with slit ventricle syndrome and other complications of hydrocephalus. Using a more advanced modern endoscopic technique, such as a semi-rigid needle endoscope in our case, allows to restore CSF circulation even in the most distal sections of the interpeduncular and prepontine cisterns, as well as safely remove and install a ventricular catheter with minimal trauma to surrounding structures and achieve a shunt-independent state. Keywords: Slit ventricle syndrome, endoscopic ventriculocysternostomy, obstructive hydrocephalus, semi-rigid needle-shaped neuroendoscope, aqueductoplasty, septostomy.

WAWASAN AL-QUR’AN TENTANG BUDAK (Upaya-Upaya Pembebasan Budak Dalam Islam)

The Perspective of al-Qur’an on Slavery: Some Efforts to Combat Slavery in Islam: Men are basically created as the greatest creation in a free and independent condition. It is wrong if men restrict and restrain themselves towards others; moreover, if they worship the creation of God. Therefore, to avoid self-slavery towards human beings or towards disire, things, jobs, women and others, Alqur’an has taught people to worship the only God, the Creator. This is not to say that one has restrained himself towards self-slavery when God is the only One he worships. Indeed, it is by worshiping God that men even free and distance themselves from any forms of slavery.

Responsibility: The Epistemic Condition

Philosophers have long agreed that moral responsibility might not only have a freedom condition, but also an epistemic condition. Moral responsibility and knowledge interact, but the question is exactly how. Ignorance might constitute an excuse, but the question is exactly when. Surprisingly enough, the epistemic condition has only recently attracted the attention of scholars, and it is high time for a full volume on the topic. The chapters in this volume address the following central questions. Does the epistemic condition require akrasia? Why does blameless ignorance excuse? Does moral ignorance sustained by one’s culture excuse? Does the epistemic condition involve knowledge of the wrongness or wrongmaking features of one’s action? Is the epistemic condition an independent condition, or is it derivative from one’s quality of will or intentions? Is the epistemic condition sensitive to degrees of difficulty? Are there different kinds of moral responsibility and thus multiple epistemic conditions? Is the epistemic condition revisionary? What is the basic structure of the epistemic condition?

Cognition and the self: Attempt of an independent close replication of the effects of self-construal priming on spatial memory recall

Do different modes of thinking about the self lead to differences in performance on a contextual memory task? We conducted a pre-registered replication of the study of self-construal priming on spatial memory by Kühnen and Oyserman (2002; Study 2), simultaneously evaluating the role of task-compliance, operationalization specificity, and cross-cultural robustness. In the original study, participants either circled first-person plural (interdependent condition) or singular pronouns (independent condition) when reading a passage and subsequently memorized and recalled a set of objects presented on a visual-spatial grid. When employing a digital version of the original procedure, we were able to replicate the original findings, with better recall of objects in their original location in the interdependent (vs. independent) condition. Notably, the effect of self-construal priming on spatial memory was strongest when screening out participants who did not comply with instructions on the pronoun task and absent when including non-compliant participants. Moreover, in contrast to the original study, effects of priming were not specific to object-&-location operationalization of spatial memory recall, and also present for location-independent object recall and object-independent spatial placement recall. Additionally, condition effects were robust across observed cultural differences: Though white participants performing less successfully compared to non-white participants, both groups were comparably susceptible to priming effects. We discuss the present results and insights learned from the replication process in light of the on-going debate about the replicability of psychological experiments, highlighting the notion of task-compliance, methodological transparency and cross-cultural factors for further advancement of psychological science.

Framed curves in the Euclidean space

A framed curve in the Euclidean space is a curve with a moving frame. It is a generalization not only of regular curves with linear independent condition, but also of Legendre curves in the unit tangent bundle. We define smooth functions for a framed curve, called the curvature of the framed curve, similarly to the curvature of a regular curve and of a Legendre curve. Framed curves may have singularities. The curvature of the framed curve is quite useful to analyse the framed curves and their singularities. In fact, we give the existence and the uniqueness for the framed curves by using their curvature. As applications, we consider a contact between framed curves, and give a relationship between projections of framed space curves and Legendre curves.