楊起元的思想發展及其對師門之學的塑造

<p>活躍於十六世紀下半葉的楊起元是泰州大儒羅汝芳的弟子。他於師教篤信弗疑，承繼與推廣師學的努力亦廣為傳頌，李贄言楊氏之學「大抵皆本父師之言而推衍之」。不過，前輩學者已經注意到楊、羅之間的思想間距。本文關注楊起元的思想發展，特重其師學塑造，以測定楊氏與其師思想與學說的距離。楊起元於羅汝芳過世後參與兩次師學塑造運動。第一次發生在羅汝芳的喪禮之上，同門弟子咸集驗證所得，以「明德」私諡羅汝芳，也以此為師門宗旨理解羅汝芳之學。喪禮後數年，楊起元閱讀其師遺集而感悟於「孝」，因此開啟《孝經》編纂工程。楊氏藉此發揚羅汝芳的孝弟慈論，但是比起羅氏孝論的源頭《大學》，他更為推崇《孝經》，也認為該經更為契合羅氏之學。師門孝論的核心經典，在楊起元手上完成從《大學》到《孝經》的轉換，是為楊氏參與的第二度師學塑造。本文認為，楊起元的案例顯示陽明學發展至十六世紀末，愈發鼓勵思想學說落實成具物質性之文本，而楊氏所塑造的師門之學正是在落實的過程中，漸與羅汝芳之學分離開來。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This paper examines the development of Yang Qiyuan&rsquo;s (1547-99) thought with a special focus on his efforts in reshaping the learning of his master, Luo Rufang (1515-88), in order to assess the distance between the teachings of the two. Yang participated twice in events to reshape the teachings of his master. The first time was at the funeral for Luo Rufang, when Yang and the other disciples assembled together to consolidate Luo&rsquo;s legacy. On their own they gave him the posthumous title of &ldquo;Bright Virtue,&rdquo; taken from the Great Learning, and regarded this as a representative element of Luo Rufang&rsquo;s teachings. Years after the funeral, while reading through the master&rsquo;s remaining works, Yang came to realize the significance of filial piety, and thereupon began a project to compile the Classic of Filial Piety, in which he emphasized the themes of filial piety, fraternity and kindness in Luo&rsquo;s teachings. While Luo&rsquo;s theories on filial piety were based upon the Great Learning, Yang instead pointed to the Classic of Filial Piety as more suited for Luo&rsquo;s teachings. Thus, changing the textual basis for Luo&rsquo;s theories on filial piety was Yang&rsquo;s second reshaping of his master&rsquo;s legacy. This essay argues that the case of Yang Qiyuan illustrates Wang Yangmingism (1472-1529) at the end of the sixteenth century developed to emphasize on rendering doctrine into textual form. Yang&rsquo;s reshaping of his master&rsquo;s legacy was part of this process, and led him to part ways with his master&rsquo;s original teachings.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Ecophysiology of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis L; effect of different microalgae diets and ration on broodstock conditioning

Three diets based on three microalgae species (Tetraselmi ssuecica, Isochrysis galbana, and Chaetoceros calcitrans) and three feeding rations (1%, 2%, and 3%) were used to understand the ecophysiology of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis during Broodstock conditioning. Generally, mussels increase their consumption regarding food availability for all diets, and it is evident that the highest consumption was recorded with a feed ratio of 3%. During the study, I. galbana and C. calcitrans strains show the high consumption (1.58 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.00) and (1.58µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.00) compared with T. suecica (1.542 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.023) recorded at 3% food ration of monospecific diets. Same results were recorded for ingestion but with great learning for I. galbana in triscpecific diet (0.70 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.052) compared to C. calcitrans(0.36 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.037) and T. suecica (0.25 µg. g-1. h–1 ±0.126), respectively.The analysis of ANOVA has shown that both diet and food availability affect significantly the ingestion (F = 30.9, df = 2, p < 0.001 and F = 4.4, df = 6, p < 0.001) during mussel conditioning.

RESEARCH AND PATENTING IN COVID TIMES

Dear Reader, Government of India is currently negotiating a limited trade deal with USA which is likely to be signed after the US elections. Although, the current negotiations do not cover the Intellectual Properties (IP) or Pharmaceuticals, a limited deal if concluded successfully is expected to be followed by a full Trade Deal (FTA), which will include IP and Pharmaceuticals too. In spite of all the negative (or positive?) consequences of COVID-19, the Sars2CoV virus has provided humanity with a great learning experience. Repurposing of known drugs, bio-natural products, biologicals and vaccines such as TB, Leprosy, BCG have all been undertaken in the desperate search for prophylactic, therapeutic as well as preventive options. However it is interesting to note and appreciate that except for pre-existing patent rights (ex:-Remdesivir), there have hardly been any emphases on protecting the Covid remedies through patenting.

Using coaching tools to develop professional practice holistically

Do you teach or train others? Are you passionate about delivering a great learning experience to them? Are you considering working towards professional accreditation and have been putting it off? Are you tired of faffing around and want to get your focus back? Are you ambitious but concerned about burning out? Do you need some space and time – where no-one is vying for your attention – to gain clarity, develop your practice and explore how you can be of service to your participants, your colleagues and your loved ones while not losing yourself in the process? If the answer to any of these questions is yes, then you may find this article helpful. Its aim is to provide an overview of a few select tools to help teaching and training professionals articulate their purpose, craft a teaching identity and philosophy, and get the most out of training received – with a few self-care tips thrown in for good measure! As we move to a world where increasingly roles are being replaced by automation, we need to focus on what makes us individual, personalised humans (Gleeson, 2018). I hope that this article will provide a starting point.