Documenting Mexican Folk-art Linguistic Heritage: The Application of the Sets Theory to Determine its Common Terminology

This article shows the application of an ethnographical method (lexical availability method) and diverse strategies for lexical documentation (documentation of terminology in gray literature and other published documents) to the compilation and validation of the terminology of folk-art in Mexico, a knowledge area with scarcely written tradition. As one can foresee, the result obtained from the lexicon through the different methods and strategies of documentation applied allows registering several terminological lists. From these lists and by determining the intersection of two or more lexical sets, principle obtained from the set theory, one can obtain a group that contains the most frequent elements or the common terminology of a domain. In addition to the above, the article explains how a facets system for the basic organization of this terminology can be created from the lexical documentation obtained.

Analysis of the Expression Pattern of Cajal-Retzius Cell Markers in the Xenopus laevis Forebrain

Cajal-Retzius cells are essential for cortical development in mammals, and their involvement in the evolution of this structure has been widely postulated, but very little is known about their progenitor domains in non-mammalian vertebrates. Using in situhybridization and immunofluorescence techniques we analyzed the expression of some of the main Cajal-Retzius cell markers such as Dbx1, Ebf3, ER81, Lhx1, Lhx5, p73, Reelin, Wnt3a, Zic1, and Zic2 in the forebrain of the anuran Xenopus laevis, because amphibians are the only class of anamniote tetrapods and show a tetrapartite evaginated pallium, but no layered or nuclear organization. Our results suggested that the Cajal-Retzius cell progenitor domains were comparable to those previously described in amniotes. Thus, at dorsomedial telencephalic portions a region comparable to the cortical hem was defined in Xenopus based on the expression of Wnt3a, p73, Reelin, Zic1, and Zic2. In the septum, two different domains were observed: a periventricular dorsal septum, at the limit between the pallium and the subpallium, expressing Reelin, Zic1, and Zic2, and a related septal domain, expressing Ebf3, Zic1, and Zic2. In the lateral telencephalon, the ventral pallium next to the pallio-subpallial boundary, the lack of Dbx1 and the unique expression of Reelin during development defined this territory as the most divergent with respect to mammals. Finally, we also analyzed the expression of these markers at the prethalamic eminence region, suggested as Cajal-Retzius progenitor domain in amniotes, observing there Zic1, Zic2, ER81, and Lhx1 expression. Our data show that in anurans there are different subtypes and progenitor domains of Cajal-Retzius cells, which probably contribute to the cortical regional specification and territory-specific properties. This supports the notion that the basic organization of pallial derivatives in vertebrates follows a comparable fundamental arrangement, even in those that do not have a sophisticated stratified cortical structure like the mammalian cerebral cortex.

Empirical Aesthetics: An overview

This chapter offers a general overview of Empirical Aesthetics. It begins with a definition of the field’s main goals, a summary of its history from its modern foundations to the 1990s, and an introduction to contemporary accounts of aesthetic appreciation. We then highlight the key components of Empirical Aesthetics (object, person, and context), which provide the basic organization for the book, and summarize the field’s basic methods. We end by presenting the subdomains of Empirical Aesthetics, and the neighboring fields it interacts with.

LA EVOLUCIÓN HISTÓRICA Y EL NUEVO CONCEPTO DE FAMILIA

This article aims to publicize how the concept of family has evolved from ancient times to modernity, it is confirmed that the first family that existed was the patriarchate where women were identified as slaves, with the passage of time women became he became independent from man until he survived by his own means and that is where matriarchy is known. Starting from this base, it is necessary to know its evolution in depth and understand the influence that society has had on the family, taking into account that the family is a basic organization in society since it affects the life of the family and its surroundings individuals From the modernity, the family undergoes a series of sociocultural changes which lead to new family models.

A Project-Oriented Approach to Practicum on Software Engineering Methodology Courses

This chapter suggests a method for practicum on software engineering methodology course using a project-oriented approach. The chapter features basic organization principles of the approach and examples of methodical support for laboratory works based on these principles, and provides recommendations on choice and use of methodologies and technologies of software engineering for the development of distributed information systems. The experience of using this technique for teaching students studying for a Master's degree in Software Engineering in Bauman Moscow State Technical University is presented.

Restating Intentional Torts: Problems of Process and Substance in the ALI’s Third Restatement of Torts

The American Law Institute’s Third Restatement of Torts was initially conceived as a series of separate projects, each with its own reporters. From 1998 through 2010, the ALI completed and published three different segments: Products Liability, Apportionment of Liability, and Liability for Physical and Emotional Harm. Initially, the ALI did not intend to restate the intentional torts, believing that the Second Restatement’s treatment of these torts was clear and largely authoritative. It was ultimately persuaded that there were numerous unresolved issues that needed to be addressed. As a result, it authorized a new project on Intentional Torts—a project that is currently ongoing. Rather than applaud or critique the specific choice the reporters are making, I have chosen to discuss two broader concerns regarding the project. The first concern is that the piecemeal nature of assembling all the separate projects of the Third Restatement of Torts (including the review and adoption of different sections within Intentional Torts) has made the Intentional Torts reporters’ task more difficult than it should have been and may contribute to an overall product that is flawed in important respects, primarily because of inconsistencies that cannot easily be corrected. The second concern is that the Intentional Torts reporters have too often lost sight of the conceptual distinctions between intentional and nonintentional torts. Although I agree that these conceptual distinctions should not have driven the basic organization of the project, as was once suggested, I argue that the reporters are making doctrinal decisions that further blur, rather than clarify, the boundaries between the intentional torts and other torts, primarily negligence.

Versatility and Flexibility of Cortical Circuits

Cortical circuits are known to be plastic and adaptable, as shown by an impressive body of evidence demonstrating the ability of cortical circuits to adapt to changes in environmental stimuli, development, learning, and insults. In this review, we will discuss some of the features of cortical circuits that are thought to facilitate cortical circuit versatility and flexibility. Throughout life, cortical circuits can be extensively shaped and refined by experience while preserving their overall organization, suggesting that mechanisms are in place to favor change but also to stabilize some aspects of the circuit. First, we will describe the basic organization and some of the common features of cortical circuits. We will then discuss how this underlying cortical structure provides a substrate for the experience- and learning-dependent processes that contribute to cortical flexibility.

Elementos necesarios o estructurales de las relaciones de puestos de trabajo del personal funcionario en el Estado y los municipios, desde las normas y la jurisprudencia

LABURPENA: Lanpostu-zerrendak osotasun abstraktu gisa hartzen ohitu gara, bai eta haien izaera arautzailea den edo administrazio-egintza orokorra soilik den eztabaidatzen, baina ez dira argitu bere barruko elementu nagusiak. Lanpostu-zerrendek bi funtzio betetzen dituzte: alde batetik, langileak antolatzeko tresnak dira; eta, bestetik, hori bezain garrantzitsua, ministerio, kontseilaritza edo zinegotzigo baten oinarrizko antolamendua finkatzen dute. Sakondu beharra dago bere araubide juridiko urrian, bere barruko elementu horiek argitzeko, kontuan hartuz lanpostu-zerrenda ez dela arrazoirik edo garrantzirik gabe multzokatutako lanpostu pila bat. RESUMEN: Estamos acostumbrados a referirnos a las RPT como un todo abstracto, e incluso polemizar sobre su carácter normativo o de simple acto administrativo general, pero no se han desentrañado sus elementos esenciales y constitutivos. Las RPT cumplen una doble función, por un lado como instrumentos de ordenación del personal, y, por otro y no menos importante, como elementos de establecimiento de la organización básica de un Ministerio, una consejería o una concejalía. Precisamente es necesario adentrarse en su escaso régimen jurídico regulador para poder señalar dicho elementos constitutivos en uno y otro sentido, sabiendo que las RPT no son un montón informe de puesto de trabajo agrupados sin razón alguna o sin transcendencia alguna. ABSTRACT: We are used to refer to relations job as an abstract whole, and even argue about its normative character or simple general administrative act, but have not unraveled its essential elements and constitutive. The RPT play a dual role, first as staff management tools, and on the other, and not least, as elements of establishing the basic organization of the Ministry, one counseling or council. Precisely requires an inquiry into its low regulatory legal regime to point out that one constituent elements and forth, knowing that the RPT are not a lot of job report grouped for no reason or for no transcendence