ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG): A BIO-MEDICAL TECHNIQUE USED FOR ACQUIRING DATA DURING MASTICATION OF FOOD

The main objective of this study was to understand the technique of Electromyography. In this technique activities of muscles were governed on the basis of generated my electrical signals. Electromyography instrumentation consists of data acquisition unit, Universal interface module, Connector, adaptor and software. Various parameters like chew number, mastication time, total burst duration, total muscle activity, burst duration, inter burst duration, cycle time, muscle activity and amplitude were used for analyzing the data acquired during mastication of food at entire mastication, per chew and at three different stages (early, middle and late) of mastication.

Graphical Interface for the Recommendation System

Today, mathematics plays a huge part of our everyday life. But due to the poor school education and lack of open access resources, many students find it difficult to be fully prepared for the independent external evaluation in mathematics, especially geometry. Although much has already been done to conduct higher knowledge results, lots of students still have gaps in understanding simple problem solving. Clearly, geometry requires a more fundamental and visual implementation to the studying process than algebra in order to increase the overall knowledge level of Ukrainian applicants for higher education. Students often do not have access to innovative studying instruments in their schools necessary for successful completion of geometry classes, which is why they receive weak results in tests.In the research, we are concentrating on the planimetry problems, because they can be easily produced in a written form. After analyzing all types of describing a problem, the best option for the system is the open-type problems with the short answer.The article concentrates on creating a graphical interface module, implementing it to the existing language processing module, and introducing a recommendation system that demonstrates a new fundamental instrument that can change the learning technique and give a comprehensive way of explaining geometry problems.The created system receives an open-type planimetry problem in Ukrainian language, processes it using the NLP module, and transfers the data directly to the interface module, which creates an image of the problem. Then the student can try to draw all the required figures, while the system continuously checks the progress. Recommendations (hints) can be applied during the process by the system.Interface and the NLP modules were created separately, independently, and using different programming languages. For that purpose, we use an intermediate stage – JSON file, which is used to transfer the processed information.

Features of ensuring noise immunity of interface modules for temperature control in measuring instruments of spacecraft

An important stage in the development of temperature control interface modules for measuring instruments, implemented according to the main-modular principle of construction on the basis of a central instrument module and used as part of a measuring system on spacecraft for various purposes, is to ensure their noise-immune operation when the measuring system is exposed to a combination of various types of interference which determine the electromagnetic environment on the spacecraft. The article is devoted to the analysis of the characteristics of various types of interference affecting the measuring system, identifying the ways of their penetration into the temperature control interface module and determining the influence of the characteristics of these interference on the choice of measures to ensure the required noise immunity of the temperature control interface module as part of the measuring device. It is shown that the paths of interference penetration into the interface temperature control module depend on the frequency and time characteristics of the interference affecting the measuring system. Measures to mitigate these interference must be determined after assessing the danger of their penetration into the interface temperature control module for each path separately in the entire frequency range of their impact. Based on the results of such assessments, a set of reasonable measures should be determined to ensure the noise immunity of the interface temperature control module as part of the measuring device, implemented in combination at the design levels of the measuring system, the measuring device and the interface temperature control module.

The mental representation of sounds in speech sound disorders

The objective of this study is to investigate facets of the human phonological system in an attempt to elucidate the special nature of mental representations and operations underlying some of the errors in speech sound disorders (SSDs). After examining different theories on the mental representations of sounds and their organization in SSDs, we arrive at the conclusion that the existing elucidations on the phonological representations do not suffice to explain some distinctive facets of SSDs. Here, we endorse a hypothesis in favor of representationalism but offer an alternative conceptualization of the phonological representations (PR). We argue that the PR is to be understood in terms of a phonological base that holds information about a segment’s acoustic structure, and which interacts with other levels in the speech sound system in the mind so as to produce a certain sound. We also propose that the PR is connected to an interface module which mediates interactions between the PR and the articulatory system (AS) responsible for the physical manifestation of speech sounds in real time by way of the coordination of activities of speech organs in the vocal tract. We specifically consider different stages of operations within the interface, a specialized system within the cognitive system, which can explain patterns in the SSD data that have so far remained elusive. Positioned between the PR and the AS, the interface module is the heart of the current study. The presence of an interface module is necessitated by the fact that not all errors of SSDs are explainable in terms of structural, motor or even the symbolic misrepresentations at the level of PR. The interface acts as a mediating system mapping sound representations onto articulatory instructions for the actual production of sounds. The interface module can receive, process, and share the phonological inputs with other levels within the speech sound system. We believe an interface module such as ours holds the key to explaining at least certain speech disarticulations in SSDs.

Magnetotherapy for group treatment

The advantage of complex magnetic therapy devices (MTD) is the possibility of forming magnetic fields that are complexly distributed in space and time, which provides focused treatment of a specific disease, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient. To increase the throughput of the physiotherapy room, a solution is proposed for organizing the simultaneous treatment of several patients using one device. Within the framework of the study, an approach based on the use of a reconfigurable system was considered, in accordance with which the MTD is built in the form of a set of the same type of intelligent magnetotherapy cells (MTC) and a central control module. This structure is the basis of the hardware component of the MTC, designed for group magnetotherapy. The conceptual model of the MTC includes the following elements: a local control unit, a local interface module, a memory unit, an identification unit, a power interface unit, an inductor unit, and a control unit. The specified composition of MTC components, on the one hand, provides the possibility of autonomous operation of the cell, and on the other hand, it supports centralized control, diagnostics, and simultaneous start and stop of the magnetic field generation process. The main idea of the method for conducting group magnetotherapy is the generation by the central control module of a unified magnetotherapy technique formed on the basis of magnetotherapy techniques, each of which is selected taking into account the required individual treatment of a particular patient. Conventionally, the aggregate of MTC is divided into groups – field-forming systems, each of which is used to treat an individual patient. Each MFT operates in an autonomous mode, which is achieved due to the presence of a local control unit in the cell, which, through the local interface module, receives the data necessary for carrying out a magnetotherapy procedure, and after a group launch independently generates and controls the acting magnetic field. In addition, the analysis of the proposed solution is carried out in the work, as well as issues of possible technical implementation are considered. Thus, the advantage, determined by the autonomous mode of operation of the MTC, allows you to set the duration of the operation of each cell within the framework of the current magnetotherapy procedure, individually. As a result, at the end of a separate magnetotherapy procedure, the MTCs that were used for this procedure can be used to create a field-forming system for treating the next patient, without the need to wait for the end of all active magnetotherapy procedures. In the practical construction of an MTD intended for group magnetotherapy, it is recommended to use microcontrollers as control units, motor drivers as a power interface unit, and specialized DS2411 type microcircuits as an identification unit. One of the possible implementations can be a solution based on an Internet server, then it is recommended to choose Ethernet as the interface, and it is preferable to use the IP address of the MTC as the MTC identifier. The ideas and solutions considered in the framework of the task of implementing group magnetotherapy can be generalized and used for other physical fields used in physiotherapy.

Design of domestic serial and parallel interface module

Domestic serial and parallel interface module is based on domestic high performance FPGA CPCIE module. This type of FPGA has rich logical resources and internal integration of a variety of high-speed interfaces, such as PCIE, high-speed Serdes interface, which can achieve serial port, time system, network and other interfaces design, greatly simplifying the hardware design of the module. The main communication interfaces, PCIE and UART, are realized by the IP core of FPGA, realizing the integration of the main functions on the chip, which greatly improves the flexibility and expansibility of the design.