Self-healing, Mechanically Robust, and 3D Printable Ionogel for Highly Sensitive and Long-Term Reliable Ionotronics

Flexible sensors which can transduce various stimuli (e.g., strain, pressure, temperature) into electrical signals are highly in demand due to the development of human-machine interaction. However, it is still a...

Construction of Polymer Materials with Specific Responses to Violet and Green Lights and Their Potential Applications in Artificial Visual Memory System

Artificial retinal materials play an important role in vision repair and robotics. However, the inability to convert characteristic visible light signals into electrical signals has seriously hindered the development and...

A frequency determination method for automotive nanosensors

The growing popularity of nanosensors in various automotive applications requires new methods for counting the frequency of electrical signals, into which the measured non-electrical parameters are converted. This need is because automobile nanosensors are to register very small changes in the measured parameters that, besides, can change very fast. The paper proposes for use in automotive nanosensors a frequency calculation method based on the principle of rational approximation, which meets the above requirements.

ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG): A BIO-MEDICAL TECHNIQUE USED FOR ACQUIRING DATA DURING MASTICATION OF FOOD

The main objective of this study was to understand the technique of Electromyography. In this technique activities of muscles were governed on the basis of generated my electrical signals. Electromyography instrumentation consists of data acquisition unit, Universal interface module, Connector, adaptor and software. Various parameters like chew number, mastication time, total burst duration, total muscle activity, burst duration, inter burst duration, cycle time, muscle activity and amplitude were used for analyzing the data acquired during mastication of food at entire mastication, per chew and at three different stages (early, middle and late) of mastication.

Intracellular Recording of Cardiomyocytes by Integrated Electrical Signal Recording and Electrical Pulse Regulating System

The electrophysiological signal can reflect the basic activity of cardiomyocytes, which is often used to study the working mechanism of heart. Intracellular recording is a powerful technique for studying transmembrane potential, proving a favorable strategy for electrophysiological research. To obtain high-quality and high-throughput intracellular electrical signals, an integrated electrical signal recording and electrical pulse regulating system based on nanopatterned microelectrode array (NPMEA) is developed in this work. Due to the large impedance of the electrode, a high-input impedance preamplifier is required. The high-frequency noise of the circuit and the baseline drift of the sensor are suppressed by a band-pass filter. After amplifying the signal, the data acquisition card (DAQ) is used to collect the signal. Meanwhile, the DAQ is utilized to generate pulses, achieving the electroporation of cells by NPMEA. Each channel uses a voltage follower to improve the pulse driving ability and isolates each electrode. The corresponding recording control software based on LabVIEW is developed to control the DAQ to collect, display and record electrical signals, and generate pulses. This integrated system can achieve high-throughput detection of intracellular electrical signals and provide a reliable recording tool for cell electro-physiological investigation.

Chromatophony: A Potential Application of Living Images in the Pixel Era

Squids can rapidly change their body color using chromatophores that are controlled by electrical signals transmitted through nerves. The authors transform a squid's skin into an audio visualizer, Chromatophony. This is accomplished by sending an electric tone signal composed as music to the skin. Although the appearance of Chromatophony is similar to computer-generated images, it is based on a natural phenomenon with a colorful mosaic display. By comparing chromatophores with pixels, the authors propose Living Images, to expand the potential of visual expression from the perspective of bio-art theory.

Measurement and interpretation of electrical signals in transient electrical discharges

Electrical discharges in experiments like Exploding Wire, Plasma Focus, or Z-pinch, involve regions where strong transient electrical currents generates magnetic flux variations within the limits of experiment and diagnostics regions. Due to different experimental conditions, time duration of the transient phase may vary from negligible to play an important role in the explanation of the measured signal of the experiment, in which case Faraday's law of induction cannot be neglected when analyzing the electrical signals. In this work the effects of circuit modeling taking into account Faraday's law will be discussed for the exploding wire experiment in a more detailed way than previous works.

The Glutamate Receptor Plays a Role in Defense against Botrytis cinerea through Electrical Signaling in Tomato

Plant glutamate-like receptor genes (GLRs) are homologous to mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptors genes (iGluRs). Although GLRs have been implicated in plant defenses to biotic stress, the relationship between GLR-mediated plant immunity against fungal pathogens and electrical signals remains poorly understood. Here, we found that pretreatment with a GLR inhibitor, 6,7-dinitriquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), increased the susceptibility of tomato plants to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Assessment of the glr3.3, glr3.5 and glr3.3/glr3.5 double-mutants upon B. cinerea infection showed that tomato GLR3.3 and GLR3.5 are essential for plant immunity against B. cinerea, wherein GLR3.3 plays the main role. Analysis of the membrane potential changes induced by glutamate (Glu) or glycine (Gly) revealed that amplitude was significantly reduced by knocking out GLR3.3 in tomato. While treatment with Glu or Gly significantly increased immunity against B. cinerea in wild-type plants, this effect was significantly attenuated in glr3.3 mutants. Thus, our data demonstrate that GLR3.3- and GLR3.5-mediated plant immunity against B. cinerea is associated with electrical signals in tomato plants.