Domain Name Disputes: Is Private Dispute Resolution Working?

<p>InternetNZ has responsibility for management of the .nz domain name space. This dissertation examines InternetNZ's development and implementation of the Dispute Resolution Service Policy (the DRS). The DRS, which is being reviewed in 2010, provides a substantive legal test for unfair registration of a domain name and a dispute resolution process. This dissertation asks whether the DRS is working effectively and, if so, what this reveals about the operation of the Internet in New Zealand. The dissertation shows that the DRS is a low cost, high quality alternative to litigation and is being run in a pragmatic but principled way by InternetNZ. Implications are discussed and recommendations are made for minor improvements. The dissertation concludes with a call for more participation in, and critique of, Internet policy developments given the important human rights issues that can arise and the significance of the Internet in New Zealand today.</p>

Domain Name Disputes: Is Private Dispute Resolution Working?

<p>InternetNZ has responsibility for management of the .nz domain name space. This dissertation examines InternetNZ's development and implementation of the Dispute Resolution Service Policy (the DRS). The DRS, which is being reviewed in 2010, provides a substantive legal test for unfair registration of a domain name and a dispute resolution process. This dissertation asks whether the DRS is working effectively and, if so, what this reveals about the operation of the Internet in New Zealand. The dissertation shows that the DRS is a low cost, high quality alternative to litigation and is being run in a pragmatic but principled way by InternetNZ. Implications are discussed and recommendations are made for minor improvements. The dissertation concludes with a call for more participation in, and critique of, Internet policy developments given the important human rights issues that can arise and the significance of the Internet in New Zealand today.</p>

Domain Name Disputes: Is Private Dispute Resolution Working?

<p>InternetNZ has responsibility for management of the .nz domain name space. This dissertation examines InternetNZ's development and implementation of the Dispute Resolution Service Policy (the DRS). The DRS, which is being reviewed in 2010, provides a substantive legal test for unfair registration of a domain name and a dispute resolution process. This dissertation asks whether the DRS is working effectively and, if so, what this reveals about the operation of the Internet in New Zealand. The dissertation shows that the DRS is a low cost, high quality alternative to litigation and is being run in a pragmatic but principled way by InternetNZ. Implications are discussed and recommendations are made for minor improvements. The dissertation concludes with a call for more participation in, and critique of, Internet policy developments given the important human rights issues that can arise and the significance of the Internet in New Zealand today.</p>

Domain Name Disputes: Is Private Dispute Resolution Working?

<p>InternetNZ has responsibility for management of the .nz domain name space. This dissertation examines InternetNZ's development and implementation of the Dispute Resolution Service Policy (the DRS). The DRS, which is being reviewed in 2010, provides a substantive legal test for unfair registration of a domain name and a dispute resolution process. This dissertation asks whether the DRS is working effectively and, if so, what this reveals about the operation of the Internet in New Zealand. The dissertation shows that the DRS is a low cost, high quality alternative to litigation and is being run in a pragmatic but principled way by InternetNZ. Implications are discussed and recommendations are made for minor improvements. The dissertation concludes with a call for more participation in, and critique of, Internet policy developments given the important human rights issues that can arise and the significance of the Internet in New Zealand today.</p>

Features of Legal Relations that Arise on the Internet

Based on the methodology of system analysis, the article examines the features of legal relations that arise on the Internet. It is defined that Internet legal relations are legally regulated public relations under the state's protection, which arise based on digital technologies in cyberspace. It is stated that there are many entities on the Internet which can be grouped into: technical entities, people responsible for the functioning of the Internet; individual subjects and users; collective subjects, among which are the governmental entities, which provide legal regulation of relations on the Internet, policy development and implementation; non-governmental entities - business; civil society, stakeholders in the expansion of the Internet and infrastructure development; international organizations that coordinate issues, develop technical and legal standards related to the Internet. The legal personality of the subjects of Internet relations is described. It is noted that the subjects exercise the rights that are aimed at certain interest groups: services, goods, information. The specifics of the Internet legal relations are that the rules of administrative, informational, civil, criminal law, etc. will be applied, depending on the object to which the subjects' interests are directed.

How to License Article 17? Exploring the Implementation Options for the New EU Rules on Content-Sharing Platforms under the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive

Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive is a major internet policy experiment of our decade. The provision fundamentally changes copyright regulation of certain digital platforms. However, the precise nature of Article 17 is far from clear. How does it fit the existing structure of EU copyright law and doctrine? How can the Member States implement it? These are the questions at the heart of this article. To answer them, we start by examining the nature and structure of the right prescribed in Article 17. The exact qualification brings important legal consequences. Among others, it determines the conditions imposed by EU and international law on national implementations. After reviewing different interpretation options, we conclude that Article 17 introduces either a ‘special’ or a ‘new’ sui generis right, both of which allow significant margin of discretion for Member States, especially as regards licensing mechanisms and exceptions.

Cybersecurity

Cite as Michael Veale and Ian Brown (2020) 'Cybersecurity' 9(4) Internet Policy Review Cybersecurity covers the broad range of technical and social issues that must be considered to protect networked information systems. The importance of the concept has increased as so many government, business, and day-to-day activities globally have moved online. It has been increasingly referred to in both academic and mainstream publications since 2003, in fields including software engineering, international relations, crisis management and public safety, slowly overtaking more technical terms such as computer/system/data security (popular in the 1970s/1980s) and information security (popular from the mid 1990s). But its strong association with national security and defence agencies, and disconnection from social science notions such as place, have led to concerns of inappropriate cyber securitisation of government programmes.

Regional Internet Access and Mental Stress among University Students: A Representative Nationwide Study of China (Preprint)

BACKGROUND The Internet changed the lives of average citizens in the early part of the 21st century, and it has now become an essential part of daily life. Many studies reported that Internet use is positively correlated with psychological and mental problems, included depression, loneliness, and stress. However, previous studies examining Internet use and mental health were confined to local and community subpopulations and limited at the individual level, which increases the potential bias from selection effect at a different level. Regional variables would be a stable estimate of people’s socioeconomic and cultural environments and how these variables affect mental health needed to be studied. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between regional variables, especially reginal Internet access, and mental stress among university students, which will provide more reliable results considering people’s socioeconomic and cultural environments. METHODS Participants were 11,954 students, who were identified through a multistage survey sampling process conducted in 50 universities. Regional Internet access was retrieved from a national database, and mental stress was measured using the perceived stress scale. Both unadjusted and adjusted methods were considered in the analyses. RESULTS More than one third 36.9% (95% CI: 24.4%–49.5%) of university students in this study suffered from high mental stress. The base multilevel logistic regression model found grades, university type, and city populations were significantly related to students’ mental stress, and in the full model, regional Internet access were negatively associated with students’ mental stress. CONCLUSIONS This study provided directive evidences that regional Internet access contributes to students’ mental health. The Information from this study could be helpful to those responsible for establishing Internet policy on campuses and to those who work with students experiencing high levels of stress and anxiety. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

Regional Internet Access and Mental Stress among University Students: A Representative Nationwide Study of China (Preprint)

BACKGROUND The Internet changed the lives of average citizens in the early part of the 21st century, and it has now become an essential part of daily life. Many studies reported that Internet use is positively correlated with psychological and mental problems, included depression, loneliness, and stress. Previous studies examining Internet use and mental health were confined to local and community subpopulations, and limited at the individual level, which increases the potential bias from selection effect at a different level. Regional variables were stable estimate of people’s socioeconomic and culture environments and how these variables affect mental health needed to be studied. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between regional variables, especially reginal Internet access, and mental stress among university students, which will provide more reliable results considering people’s socioeconomic and culture environments METHODS Participants were 11,954 students, who were identified through a multistage survey sampling process conducted in 50 universities. Regional Internet access was retrieved from a national database, and mental stress was measured using perceived stress scale. Both unadjusted and adjusted methods were considered in the analyses. RESULTS More than one third 36.9% (95% CI: 24.4%–49.5%) of university students in this study suffered from high mental stress. The base multilevel logistic regression model found grades, university type, and city populations were significantly related to students’ mental stress, and in the full model, regional website subscribers were negatively associated with students’ mental stress. CONCLUSIONS This study provided directive evidences that regional Internet access contributes to students’ mental health. The information from this study could be helpful to those responsible for establishing Internet policy on campuses and to those who work with students experiencing high levels of stress and anxiety.

THE POLITICS OF INTERNET FREEDOM RANKINGS: A CALL FOR A COMPARATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING INTERNET FREEDOM

This paper critically assesses current regimes of internet governance and the role of internet freedom rankings therein. In particular, it aims to initiate a debate ultimately leading to the development of a ground-breaking comparative framework for assessing internet policy, departing from the assumption that current frameworks for measuring internet freedom are predicated too strictly on the dichotomy of democracy/non-democracy. Most stakeholders involved in benchmarking internet freedom approach it from a Western-leaning perspective that uncritically assumes that democracy-related practices are embedded in the very origins of the internet and therefore, the levels of democratisation can serve as valid indicators of internet freedom. As a result, these frameworks lack $2 when applied to invasive policies and public administration practices implemented in democracies, while lacking $2 when applied to policies and practices in non-democracies. The conceptualization and operationalization of the concept of internet freedom that underlies internet freedom rankings is of particular importance since the promotion of internet freedom is an integral part of foreign policy and rankings serve as a source of information and justification for prioritizing funding and efforts. Rankings can also impact states’ reputations, serve as advocacy tools in public diplomacy, but also impede justified criticism aimed at states who score well on key indicators. Through this intervention piece, we aim to initiate debate on developing an alternative framework for assessing internet policy. Shifting attention away from the singular focus on regime kind and politics enables us to develop a more complex system of coordinates for assessment.