Economic Valuation of Water Quality Condition Ogan River against the Clean Water in the District of Ogan Komering Ulu

Sari EK, Lucyana L. 2020. Economic valuation of water quality condition ogan river against the clean water in the district of Ogan Komering Ulu. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 9(2): 139-148. The existence of the Ogan River has experienced a reduction in water quality, this is caused activities from the community such as disposing household waste and dumping industrial waste into the river. This fact causes the need of protecting the quality of Ogan river water by using Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) and shallow wells to fulfill the needs of clean water for the community. The use of shallow wells and PDAM caused economic losses to the community. They raise extra costs or replacement costs that must be paid by the community. The purpose of this study was to determine the community's perception of the impact of river water quality and to determine the cost of replacement by using the replacement cost method that must be spent by the community around the Ogan River Basin Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. The method used descriptive analysis, and a replacement cost approach for a year. The total population of 3,329 is family head (KK). The samples in this study amounted to 149 KK. The perception of people who want to improve the quality of the river Ogan by 90.6 percent and of 88.6 percent of the public said it would remain in the vicinity of the Ogan River despite the condition change or increasingly bad. . In this study was take the reason people remain 51 percent is due to an economic factor. Regarding the economic valuation of clean water aspects, 71.8 percent of the people use PDAM, 25.5 percent use well water and 2.7 percent use river water as a source of clean water. The estimated cost of replacement costs incurred for one year is Rp102,510,000 and the need for clean water is 20,502 m3/year. The total costs incurred by the community amounted to Rp 357,852,500.

Spatial-temporal variation analysis and prediction of water quality in the Yellow River basin, China

<p>With the implementation of relevant policies on pollution control, the water environment of the Yellow River basin has been improved during recent years. However, for the river basin management agency, there remains an urgent need for gaining better knowledge of the changing patterns of water quality throughout the basin in order to get early warnings of water quality deterioration and make decisions on water allocation schemes. In this study, we collected water quality data including 24 routine monitoring parameters during 2014-2019 from over 100 monitoring stations located along the Yellow River. After assessing the water quality grade for each section according to the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water in China, we identified the key parameters that affect the water quality condition of the basin. The spatial and temporal variations of the key water quality parameters, in particular the relationships with driving factors which include natural factors (i.e., precipitation, temperature and evaporation) as well as anthropogenic factors (i.e., land cover and land use, pollution emission, population and social economy), were presented by conducting correlation analysis. Furthermore, based on the characteristics of the water quality time series and the significances of the driving factors to water quality, we built several data-driven models to predict the water quality condition at a monthly scale for the Yellow River basin, such as seasonal autoregressive model (SAR), multivariate linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN), while the performances of those models were evaluated. This study provides critical information for understanding the response relationship between water quality and its related factors for a typical river basin, thus facilitating the dynamic assessment of water resources.</p>

Kondisi Kualitas Air Sungai Surabaya Studi Kasus: Peningkatan Kualitas Air Baku PDAM Surabaya

ABSTRACTThe disposal of domestic and industrial waste to Surabaya river continues to increase, resulting in worse physical condition and severe pollution. The existence of Surabaya river is very important for the sustainability of the economy and the survival of society, industry, and commerce around the riverbank. In addition, Surabaya River becomes the raw water source of PDAM Surabaya and more than 3 million consumers of Surabaya PDAM depend on the water quality condition of Surabaya River. The purpose of this activity is to know the current condition of Surabaya River’s water quality and to determine the technology that can improve the water quality of PDAM. The conclusion that can be drawn from the water quality condition of Surabaya River is the high concentration of organic matter pollutants. Moreover, it is increasing in the dry season. With the increasingly poor quality of raw water coming from Surabaya river, consequently, the cost of processing will become more expensive. Therefore, conventional processing is not able to eliminate the pollutant compounds. One alternative technology to improve the quality of raw water is to apply a pretreatment process with the process biological by using biofilter technology. Keywords: water quality in Surabaya River, Surabaya Municipal Waterworks (PDAM), Biofilter technology ABSTRAKPembuangan limbah domestik dan industri di sepanjang Kali Surabaya terus meningkat, mengakibatkan kondisi fisik sungai semakin memburuk dan mengalami pencemaran semakin berat. Keberadaan kali Surabaya sangat penting bagi keberlangsungan perekonomian dan kelangsungan hidup bagi masyarakat, industri, dan niaga di sekitar bantaran kali. Selain itu Kali Surabaya menjadi sumber air baku PDAM Surabaya dan lebih dari tiga juta konsumen PDAM Surabaya bergantung pada kondisi kualitas air Kali Surabaya. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi kualitas air Kali Surabaya dan menentukan teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas air baku PDAM. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari kondisi kualitas air Kali Surabaya adalah tingginya konsentrasi polutan zat organik yang semakin meningkat pada musim kemarau. Dengan semakin buruknya kualitas air baku yang berasal dari Kali Surabaya, akibatnya biaya pengolahan akan menjadi semakin mahal dan pengolahan secara konvesional tidak mampu menghilangkan senyawa polutan tersebut Salah satu teknologi alternatif untuk meningkatkan kualitas air baku PDAM adalah dengan menerapkan proses pengolahan awal (pretreatment) dengan proses biologis menggunakan teknologi biofilter. Kata kunci: kualitas air Kali Surabaya, PDAM Surabaya, Teknologi Biofilter

THE APPLICATION OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT TO EVALUATE WATER QUALITY CONDITION AROUND FISH CAGES IN CIRATA RESERVOIR, INDONESIA

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an analytical tool used primarily for evaluating environmental conditions. The sources of decomposed organic matters in Cirata Reservoir originate from industrial activities, household waste, agricultural waste, and effluent from floating fish net cages. The wastes consist mainly of fat, protein, and carbohydrate. Bacteria are responsible for aerobic decomposition process of organic matters in the sediment. As bacteria consume oxygen during the decomposition processes, significant depletion of dissolved oxygen level in the waters may occur. This happens in Cirata Reservoir where a low level of oxygen in the water leads to anaerobic decomposition processes at the bottom of the reservoir. The porpuse of this study was to evaluate Cirata Reservoir water conditions, in terms of water quality, organic sediment and organic materials level based on the application of LCA. In this study, water and sediment samples were collected. Water quality conditions were measured in-situ. Water and sediment samples were analyzed in the laboratories. The results of the analyses showed that water quality condition in all sampling stations was relatively homogeneous. Based on the level of decomposition of organic matter, water quality conditions in Cirata reservoir could be classified as Class I, II, and III in IKA_STORET scale and categorized as poor. DO, sulfide, phenol, BOD, COD, total phosphate were outside the ranges of acceptable water quality standards.