Identification of Land Resource Potential for Agricultural Landscape Planning Using Land Capability Evaluation Approach and GIS Application (a Case in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia)

Land allocation for agricultural lands is required when the region have potency to be developed while the same time, conservation aspects are still considered. Central Kalimantan Province with total areas of 15, 451, 287 hectares has potential land available for agricultural development. At initial stage, with a landscape scale, land resource potential is needed to be assessed for planning purposes. The aimed of this study was to design the spatial concept of agricultural landscape planning on sustained basis. Methodology used in this include concept of land capability evalution (LCE) approach and geographic information system (GIS) application. The result of evaluation showed that Central Kalimantan was classified into 6 land capability classes i.e class II, III, IV, VI, VII, and VIII with several limiting factors such as peat depth, drainage, slope, and texture. Within GIS environment, the result of spatial analysis shown that total areas of agricultural land region was 9,571,231 hectares or 61.95% of total Central Kalimantan province. This indicates that the lands are still widely available for agricultural development. These areas are located not only in wetlands typology but also found in dryland areas. Specific program that specific to location can then be formulated in order to develop the areas.

The Main Disease and its Attacks in the Generative Phase of Maize (Zea Mays L) in the Freshwater Swamps of South Sumatra

In South Sumatra, the ​​freshwater swamps is 157,846 hectares, with this wide freshwater swamps, it can be used for crops food cultivation, one of which is maize. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the identification and attack of maize disease in freshwater swamps of South Sumatra. The research method was purposive sampling. The results of the study identification that the symptoms of maize leaf rust attack, seen from the physiology of maize leaves, were the lumps or pustules of orange color such as rust and the symptoms of maize leaf blight seen from the physiology of maize leaves, were small oval brownish lines like burning leaves. The leaf rust disease had an attack rate of 90% and the maize leaf blight reached 98%. Based on the results of this study, the main disease of maize attacking in the generative phase was the leaf rust (Puccinia polysora) and maize leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis).

Yield Components and Efficiency Index of Maize Yield: Relationship to Yields in Tidal Fields

Identification of the advantages of hybrid maize lines is needed to support the increased production and development of maize in tidal fields. This study aimed to identify the agronomic characters and yield components of hybrid maize lines/varieties and their relationship with high yield and efficient fertilization in tidal fields. The design used was a Split Plot with three replications. The Main Plot was a hybrid maize line/variety (L39/MR4, MGOLD/G8, G28/MGOLD, P27). The subplots were Composite Fertilizer with 2 measures, namely 600 kg/ha and 720 kg/ha. The fertilizers of Urea (50%), SP 36 and NPK (100%) were given at 10 days after planting (DAP). The remaining Urea was given at 30 DAP, 50% and 58.33% respectively in the Composite Fertilizer treatment of 600 kg/ha and 720 kg/ha. The technical culture applied was optimum tillage with the 70 cm x 25 cm spacing, the irrigation being carried out at D/DAP and 15 DAP, the optimal control on the weed and Plant Pest Organisms. The result showed that the number of rows/cobs was an alternative variable in identifying maize lines/varieties with high yield and efficient fertilization. This character was closely correlated with seed/ear weight (r = 0.94) and Grain Yield Efficiency Index/GYEI (r = 0.84). All Genotypes were nutrient efficient (GYEI > 1) except G28/MGOLD (IGYEI < 1). Another approach used to identify efficient fertilization lines/varieties was the variable percentage of yield reduction through regression equations with GYEI (y = - 0.0104 x + 1.0426). The character of high number of rows/cob could be used as genetic material in plant breeding programs. The lines/varieties as a component of efficient technology and high productivity would contribute to increase production and development of maize in tidal fields.

Shortening Dormancy Period of Oil Palm Seeds (Elaeis guineensis) using Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Solutions

Soaking oil palm seeds in a solution of sulfuric acid and gibberellic acid is one way to shorten the dormancy period of oil palm seeds. This study aimed to find out the optimum soaking time of oil palm seeds in sulfuric acid solution to accelerate germination, the optimum concentration of gibberellic acid for oil palm seed germination, the interaction between using sulfuric acid and gibberellic acid in accelerating the germination of oil palm seeds and the best treatment combination in all the tried treatments. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD), with a complete factorial combination with a total of 16 treatments. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, so there were 64 experimental units and each unit was planted with 5 seeds. The results of statistical analysis showed that soaking oil palm seeds in a solution of sulfuric acid and gibberellic acid had an effect on the germination of these seeds. The duration of soaking oil palm seeds for 48 hours in sulfuric acid solution constituted the optimum time for increasing the speed of germination and giving gibberellic acid at a concentration of 300 ppm still accelerated the germination of oil palm seeds and there was no interaction between the length of soaking the seeds in sulfuric acid solution and the concentration of gibberellic acid. Soaking the seeds in a solution of sulfuric acid for 48 hours and gibberellate 300 ppm was the best combination treatment to accelerate the germination of oil palm seeds.

Response of Three Sweet Maize Varieties to Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum) Planted in Freshwater Swamps of South Sumatra

Planting resistant varieties is the most effective control method and is recommended because it is safe for the environment. The problem to be raised in this study was the use of the same variety of maize in every growing season by farmers. The use of one of these varieties could cause a decrease in yield due to the resistance of the variety to certain pests and diseases. This study aimed to provide information in the form of the use of sweet maize varieties resistant to leaf blight and potential to be planted in the swampy lowland of South Sumatra. The varieties used in this study were Bonanza F1, MB-01 Sweet and Love Sweet varieties. Based on the results of the study, as a whole the use of several varieties had a significant effect on the severity of leaf blight. The results of this study showed that there were differences in the response to resistance of each variety to leaf blight caused by the fungus Exserohilum turcicum. The observation of disease severity was carried out only in the vegetative phase. The highest disease severity was found in the Bonanza, Love Sweet, and MB-01 Sweet varieties at 16.90%, 9.99% and 7.07% respectively. The production data showed that there was no significant effect on the leaf blight. The MB-01 Sweet variety had the potential to be planted on swampy soil because it had resistance to blight and had a high production rate.

Development Model of Food Crop in Suboptimal Area Based on Farmers Corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra

This research was conducted based on the condition of fulfilling the food needs of the region, which was currently not being carried out with the distribution pattern and weak institutional Strengtening at the farmer level, so that its utilization was not yet efficient in exploitation especially on suboptimal land. Based on this, the main objective of this study was to formulate a model for the development of food crop agricultural areas on suboptimal land oriented to farmer corporations. This research used qualitative methods but the relevant mathematical formulas were still used. From the result of the analysis, an applicative program for the development of agricultural areas based on farmer corporation in Ogan Ilir Regency was compiled, which was based on a political, technocratic approach, integration of top down policy-bottom up planning and participatory. The recommended program group was divided into programs for optimizing the availability of production inputs, developing rice cultivation and supporting infrastructure, controlling pests and diseases of rice plants, improving and empowering farmer institutions, improving and increasing farmers' knowledge and skills, improving harvest and post-harvest, improving marketing, improvement of supporting infrastructure, and development of capital. The location for the development and implementation of the program was focused on the districts of Muara Kuang, Pemulutan, Lubuk Keliat, Indralaya and Pemulutan Selatan.

Farmer Institutional Dynamics in Vegetable Agribusiness Development Efforts in Kelurahan Talang Keramat, Banyuasin District

Farmers' institutions, whether fostered by the government or those that have emerged from the initiatives of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), have an important position in developing vegetable agribusiness. This research aimed to compering the institutional dynamics of government-assisted farmers and non-government organizations and to formulate a collective learning institutional framework. The survey method was carried out by taking disproportional stratified random sampling, the data were analyzed using scoring, chi-square crosstabs and SWOT analysis. The results of this study indicate that the institutional dynamics of farmers are on average in moderate criteria with differences in dynamic indicators. Government-assisted groups prioritize achieving agribusiness goals, while NGO-assisted groups develop an egalitarian structure. Factors that significantly influence the institutional dynamics of farmers are farmer age, education, status in the organization, and access to credit. The joint learning framework from the technological aspect is aimed at discovering, sharing and using vegetable agribusiness development technology. Meanwhile, from the institutional aspect, it is aimed at strengthening organizations and networks.

Relevance of Local Wisdom towards Efforts to Achieve Sustainable Food Sovereignty in Bangsal Village, Pampangan District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency

This study aims paused analyzing the relevance of local wisdom toward efforts in achieving sustainable food sovereignty in Bangsal Village, Pampangan District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. This exploratory descriptive study was conducted in Bangsal Village, Pampangan District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency in February 2020. Data collected were both of primary and secondary data. The analyses show that the swamp marshland was managed into three parts, i.e. buffalo husbandry, swamp fish farming and rice farming is provably more appropriate. For the buffalo husbandry, the community apply their local wisdom of kalang (shepherd) system. While for the fish farming, the capture fishery (beje) system was used. Futhermore, for rice cultivation, it consists of several stages with their respective local wisdom used, i.e. a) tillage, using rewang and perarian systems, b) Seeding, using seeds from their last harvest, c) planting, transplanting, spaced planting, or direct planting (tunjam) d) fertilizing, using weeds or wild plants, e) maintaining, with local wisdom, using scarecrow and plastic surrounding field, f) harvest, mutual cooperation in cutting the rice with sickle (ngarit bersama), and g) post-harvest, selling the harvest directly or self-storage. The results show mean of 54.60 from the 7 indicators and it was included in high criteria. It is conluded that there was a significant relevance between local wisdom and efforts to achieve sustainable food sovereignty in Bangsal Village.

Characteristics of Farmers in Suboptimal Land Agroecosystems and the Implications of the Application of Farm Technology

The area of West Tanjung Jabung District is dominated by tidal land agroecosystems so that the farming pattern that develops is based on tidal land. This research aimed to study the characteristics of farmers in tidal land agroecosystems and their implications for the application of farming technology. The research was conducted in Bunga Tanjung Village, Betara Subdistrict, West Tanjung Jabung District in 2019, involving 40 farmers who were randomly selected as respondents. The descriptive data analysis showed the first, farming on tidal land was characterized by the control of relatively unprocessed and cultivated farm land, low crop intensity of food commodities, and low levels of productivity resulting in unfulfillable farming results properly. The second, the biophysical conditions of farming land wereless conducive to influence the decisions of farmers to Apply farming technology. The third, the opportunity to increase farming productivity in tidal lands was still wide open by optimizing the potential utilization of farmland resources based on the strengths and weaknesses of farmers. The fourth, the strategies to increase productivity in tidal land agroecosystem areas were conducted by diversifying into multi- enterprises, implementing integration patterns between commodities, accelerating technology dissemination, and encouraging the growth of partnership networks. In order for these strategies to be implemented, it is necessary to have a soft credit scheme policy which in its implementation it is followed by assistance of extension agents and researchers.

Analysis of Sedimentation as Implications of Beach Accretion using Spatial Analysis in the Coastal Area of Banyuasin South Sumatra, Indonesia

This study was conducted in the coastal area of ​​Banyuasin (CAB) which was considered to have a variety of sedimentation classes originating from fluvial and marine processes. The study aimed to observe/determine changes in the morphology of coastal areas related to sedimentation in the CAB and to make maps related to oceanographic parameters, changes in the land cover and identification of the distribution of sedimentation occurring in the CAB, and the dominant factors influencing the change. This study used imagery interpretation method and the sediment data collection used sediment traps to determine the occurrence of accretion and abrasion. The results of the study showed that there was a change in the environment based on the analysis of Landsat imagery, that have undergone changes are Ekor Tikus island (PET), Tg Api-api (TAA), and the Bungin River (SB), which are affected by the land conversion, sedimentation, and tidal currents. There has been an environmental change in the CAB, especially at the Banyuasin estuary (PET) with a high sedimentation rate. The changes also occurred in TAA and SB, with the dominant factor being the decline in mangrove forests. As a result, it is necessary to conduct a more detailed study and time series related to mangroves.