The concept of dental vulnerability in Brazil

Objective: To present a concept of dental vulnerability based on the opinion of oral health professionals in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study performed in two stages: preparation of a questionnaire by literature search and its application with oral health specialists. The data were analyzed by means of Bardin technique and descriptive analysis. Results: A total of 188 professionals from all regions of Brazil responded to the questionnaire. The answers were classified into seven dimensions, conceptualizing dental vulnerability as a set of social, structural, overall health, mental, and oral health factors, in addition to factors involving the health services and public management that influence the health-disease process dynamic. Conclusion: The concept of dental vulnerability produced from the opinions of the professionals from different regions of Brazil allows advancement to new studies on the theme and the development of instruments aiming to measure the phenomenon.

Assessment of the influence of the social system on the psychology of the athlete’s motivational settings

Сфера спорта является уникальной по своей природе с точки зрения инструментов и методов мотивирования спортсменов. В этой связи крайне важно понимать, опираясь на известные в теории спортивной психологии подходы, какие побудительные факторы в наибольшей степени оказывают влияние на мотивацию спортсмена, определяющую эффективность его развития через призму организационных процедур и методов. Понимание и проведение глубокого анализа психологических особенностей настройки мотивации спортсмена и действенных механизмов воздействия на психику, исследование его ценностных ориентаций, творческое взаимодействие участников подготовки – все это является залогом успеха не только раскрытия потенциал спортсмена, но и его реализации в максимально возможной степени. Решению поставленного вопроса посвящено настоящее исследование. В нем предпринимается попытка обосновать необходимость исследования мотивации спортсмена через призму процессно-динамического подхода, предполагающего трансформацию мотивационных факторов во времени. Опираясь на методы сплошного опроса и анкетирования, получены результаты, оценивающие «мотивационный каркас» современных спортсменов. Это позволило не только выявить текущие среднестатистические характеристики мотивационных настроек, но и соотнести их с прошлыми данными, полученными в предыдущие эпохи общественного строя. The field of sports is unique in its nature in terms of tools and methods of motivating athletes. In this respect, it is extremely important to understand, based on the approaches known in the theory of sports psychology, which motivating factors most influence the motivation of an athlete, which determines the effectiveness of his development through the prism of organizational procedures and methods. Understanding and conducting a deep analysis of the psychological characteristics of the athlete's motivation setting and effective mechanisms on influence on the psyche, studying his value orientations, creative interaction of training participants – all this is the key to success not only to reveal the potential of the athlete, but also to realize it to the maximum extent possible. The present study is devoted to the solution of this problem. It attempts to justify the need to study the motivation of an athlete through the prism of a process-dynamic approach, which involves the transformation of motivational factors over time. Based on the methods of a continuous survey and questionnaire, the results were obtained that assess the "motivational framework" of modern athletes. This allowed us not only to identify the current average characteristics of motivational settings, but also to correlate them with past data obtained in previous epochs of the social system.