Study of mechanisms on vason-strengthening action of flavonoids

Based on the analysis of the spectra, it has been found that compounds of flavonoid nature, binding to cell membranes, change not in all cases the fluidity of membrane lipids depending on the cell type. Obviously, vascular tissue cells are a kind of "target cells" for these substances, i.e. there is a selectivity of flavonoids to certain tissues of organs. A particularly noticeable increase in the lipid fluidity of membranes was observed due to the addition of flavonoid glycosides - hyperoside, stachanoaceside and liquiritin to segments of venous tissue, which correlated with the high affinity of these substances to liposomes. The addition to the vessels of the metabolite quercetin - chalcone also led to a sharp increase in the lipid fluidity of cells of arterial and venous tissue, what suggests the presence of biological activity in flavonoid metabolites. One of the mechanisms of increasing the resistance of arterial and venous vessels under the action of flavonoid substances is an increase in the lipid fluidity of cell membranes of these vessels, which reduces the fragility of blood vessels and increases their flexibility and elasticity. The apparent contradiction between the rapid metabolism of many flavonoids in animals and the prolonged pharmacological action can be explained by the capability of their metabolites, such as chalcone, to increase the lipid fluidity of vascular cell membranes, changing their resistance to external influences. Reducing the fragility of the pulmonary vessels and increasing their flexibility and elasticity can have a positive effect on a human body in the fight against coronavirus.

Gene Expression Changes in Venous Segment of Overflow Arteriovenous Fistula

Aim. The objective of this study was to characterize coordinated molecular changes in the structure and composition of the walls of venous segments of arteriovenous (AV) fistulas evoked by overflow.Methods. Venous tissue samples were collected from 6 hemodialysis patients with AV fistulas exposed to overflow and from the normal cephalic veins of 4 other hemodialysis patients. Total RNA was extracted from the venous tissue samples, and gene expression between the 2 groups was compared using Whole Human Genome DNA microarray 44 K. Microarray data were analyzed by GeneSpring GX software and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.Results. The cDNA microarray analysis identified 397 upregulated genes and 456 downregulated genes. Gene ontology analysis with GeneSpring GX software revealed that biological developmental processes and glycosaminoglycan binding were the most upregulated. In addition, most upregulation occurred extracellularly. In the pathway analysis, the TGF beta signaling pathway, cytokines and inflammatory response pathway, hypertrophy model, and the myometrial relaxation and contraction pathway were significantly upregulated compared with the control cephalic vein.Conclusion. Combining microarray results and pathway information available via the Internet provided biological insight into the structure and composition of the venous wall of overflow AV fistulas.