scholarly journals Study of mechanisms on vason-strengthening action of flavonoids

Surface ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13(28) ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
L. V. Ivanov ◽  
◽  
M. T. Kartel ◽  
O. V. Shcherbak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Lipid Fluidity ◽  
Venous Tissue

Based on the analysis of the spectra, it has been found that compounds of flavonoid nature, binding to cell membranes, change not in all cases the fluidity of membrane lipids depending on the cell type. Obviously, vascular tissue cells are a kind of "target cells" for these substances, i.e. there is a selectivity of flavonoids to certain tissues of organs. A particularly noticeable increase in the lipid fluidity of membranes was observed due to the addition of flavonoid glycosides - hyperoside, stachanoaceside and liquiritin to segments of venous tissue, which correlated with the high affinity of these substances to liposomes. The addition to the vessels of the metabolite quercetin - chalcone also led to a sharp increase in the lipid fluidity of cells of arterial and venous tissue, what suggests the presence of biological activity in flavonoid metabolites. One of the mechanisms of increasing the resistance of arterial and venous vessels under the action of flavonoid substances is an increase in the lipid fluidity of cell membranes of these vessels, which reduces the fragility of blood vessels and increases their flexibility and elasticity. The apparent contradiction between the rapid metabolism of many flavonoids in animals and the prolonged pharmacological action can be explained by the capability of their metabolites, such as chalcone, to increase the lipid fluidity of vascular cell membranes, changing their resistance to external influences. Reducing the fragility of the pulmonary vessels and increasing their flexibility and elasticity can have a positive effect on a human body in the fight against coronavirus.

The effect of ozone on leaf cell membranes

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1213-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Swanson ◽  
William W. Thomson ◽  
J. Brian Mudd
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Leaf Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Unsaturated Lipids ◽  
Significant Difference

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ozone on membrane lipids and on the electron-density patterns of cell membranes in electron micrographs. Analysis of fatty acids from tobacco leaves fumigated with ozone indicated that there was no significant difference between the ozone-treated and the control plants in the relative amounts of the fatty acids. This suggests that if the primary site of ozone action is unsaturated lipids in membranes then the amounts of affected unsaturated fatty acids are too small to be detected by gas chromatography. In support of this, characteristic electron-microscopic images of membranes are observed in cells of fumigated leaves. However, measurements of the length and width of the chloroplasts and the determination of axial ratios indicated that the ozone treatment resulted in a shrinkage of the chloroplasts. In contrast, mitochondrial changes are apparently explained in terms of ozone-induced swelling.

scholarly journals Interaction of Local Anesthetics with Biomembranes Consisting of Phospholipids and Cholesterol: Mechanistic and Clinical Implications for Anesthetic and Cardiotoxic Effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Tsuchiya ◽  
Maki Mizogami
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Transmembrane Proteins ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Direct Inhibition ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Lipid Barriers

Despite a long history in medical and dental application, the molecular mechanism and precise site of action are still arguable for local anesthetics. Their effects are considered to be induced by acting on functional proteins, on membrane lipids, or on both. Local anesthetics primarily interact with sodium channels embedded in cell membranes to reduce the excitability of nerve cells and cardiomyocytes or produce a malfunction of the cardiovascular system. However, the membrane protein-interacting theory cannot explain all of the pharmacological and toxicological features of local anesthetics. The administered drug molecules must diffuse through the lipid barriers of nerve sheaths and penetrate into or across the lipid bilayers of cell membranes to reach the acting site on transmembrane proteins. Amphiphilic local anesthetics interact hydrophobically and electrostatically with lipid bilayers and modify their physicochemical property, with the direct inhibition of membrane functions, and with the resultant alteration of the membrane lipid environments surrounding transmembrane proteins and the subsequent protein conformational change, leading to the inhibition of channel functions. We review recent studies on the interaction of local anesthetics with biomembranes consisting of phospholipids and cholesterol. Understanding the membrane interactivity of local anesthetics would provide novel insights into their anesthetic and cardiotoxic effects.

Red blood cell membrane-mediated fusion of hydrophobic quantum dots with living cell membranes for cell imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (23) ◽  
pp. 4191-4197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Guo ◽  
Yanwen Zhang ◽  
Jianbo Liu ◽  
Xiaohai Yang ◽  
Jin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cell Membrane

A biomimetic route to fusion of hydrophobic quantum dots (QDs) with living cells for membrane imaging was proposed. Red blood cell membrane lipids acted as both an efficient surfactant to phase-transfer QDs and a fusion reagent to facilitate fusion with cell membranes.

Patterns of non-electrolyte permeability

1969 ◽  
Vol 172 (1028) ◽  
pp. 227-271 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Lipid Phase ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Polar Solutes ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Coupling Phenomena

Reflexion coefficients (σ’s) for epithelial cells of rabbit gall-bladder for 206 non-electrolytes have been measured and analysed. In general, σ’s decrease from 1.0 to 0 with increasing lipid :water partition coefficients, so that the intermolecular forces governing permeation of most non-electrolytes are the same as those governing partition between a bulk lipid phase and water. The two classes of deviations to this pattern are related to the specific structure of cell membranes. First, highly branched molecules have higher σ’s (permeate more slowly) than expected from partition coefficients, an effect attributed to an isotropy of membrane lipids. Secondly, the smallest, most lipid-insoluble molecules have lower σ’s (permeate more readily) than expected, and are also anomalous in that: effects of changes in their structure on or disobey Overton’s rules; the inverse relation between or and temperature is less steep for them than for other so lutes; and their σ’s are little affected by decreases in pH which increase σ’s of other solutes. These anomalies are interpreted to mean that small polar solutes in transit through the membrane interact minimally or not at all with hydrocarbon tails of membrane lipids, but in stead follow a route formed by localized concentrations of membrane polar groups associated with ‘frozen’ water molecules, where the coupling phenomena between permeating water, ions, and small polar-electrolytes observed in cell membranes may also occur.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Lipoproteins, Bile Acids, and Red Cell Membranes Associated with Target Cells and Spur Cells in Patients with Liver Disease

1972 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 3182-3192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Cooper ◽  
Milagros Diloy-Puray ◽  
Patricia Lando ◽  
Mortimer S. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Membranes

scholarly journals Validation of Cell-Based Assay for Quantification of Sesamol Uptake and Its Application for Measuring Target Exposure

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srisongkram ◽  
Weerapreeyakul
Keyword(s):  
Control Sample ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Reverse Phase Hplc ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Target Exposure ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
High Repeatability

The intracellular drug concentration is needed for determined target exposure at the site of action regarding its pharmacological action and adverse effects. Sesamol is an antiproliferative molecule from Sesamum indicum with promising health benefits. We present a method for measuring the intracellular sesamol content using reverse-phase HPLC with a UV diode array in melanoma cells. Sesamol was completely resolved by isocratic elution (4.152 ± 0.008 min) with methanol/water (70%, v/v) through a 30 °C, 5-µm C-18 column and detection at 297 nm. The present assay offers high sensitivity, fast elution, and an accurate and linear nominal concentration range of 10–1000 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9972). The % accuracy of the sesamol quality control sample was −3.36% to 1.50% (bias) with a 0.84% to 5.28% relative standard deviation (RSD), representing high repeatability and high reproducibility. The % recovery was 94.80% to 99.29%, which determined that there was no loss of sesamol content during the sample preparation. The validated method was applied to monitor intracellular sesamol concentration after treatment from 5 min to 24 h. The remaining intracellular sesamol content was correlated with its antiproliferative effect (R2 = 0.9483). In conclusion, this assay demonstrated low manipulation, quick elution, and high sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and recovery, and it was successfully applied to the quantification of sesamol in target cells.

scholarly journals Fengycin induces ion channels in lipid bilayers mimicking target fungal cell membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia A. Zakharova ◽  
Svetlana S. Efimova ◽  
Valery V. Malev ◽  
Olga S. Ostroumova
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Membrane Conductance ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Molecular Shape ◽  
Bathing Solution ◽  
Fungal Cell

Abstract The one-sided addition of fengycin (FE) to planar lipid bilayers mimicking target fungal cell membranes up to 0.1 to 0.5 μM in the membrane bathing solution leads to the formation of well-defined and well-reproducible single-ion channels of various conductances in the picosiemens range. FE channels were characterized by asymmetric conductance-voltage characteristic. Membranes treated with FE showed nonideal cationic selectivity in potassium chloride bathing solutions. The membrane conductance induced by FE increased with the second power of the lipopeptide aqueous concentration, suggesting that at least FE dimers are involved in the formation of conductive subunits. The pore formation ability of FE was not distinctly affected by the molecular shape of membrane lipids but strongly depended on the presence of negatively charged species in the bilayer. FE channels were characterized by weakly pronounced voltage gating. Small molecules known to modify the transmembrane distribution of electrical potential and the lateral pressure profile were used to modulate the channel-forming activity of FE. The observed effects of membrane modifiers were attributed to changes in lipid packing and lipopeptide oligomerization in the membrane.

scholarly journals Polydiacetylene Vesicles Acting as Colorimetric Sensor for the Detection of Plantaricin LD1 Purified From Lactobacillus Plantarum LD1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Santosh Kumar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Pore Formation ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Membrane Disruption ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Artificial Membrane ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Colorimetric Response ◽  
Pda Vesicles

Abstract The interaction of antimicrobial peptides with membrane lipids plays a major role in numerous physiological processes. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides known to kill target cells by pore formation and membrane disruption. In this study, polydiacetylene (PDA) vesicles were applied as artificial membrane for detection of plantaricin LD1 purified from Lactobacillus plantarum LD1. Plantaricin LD1 (200 µg/ml) was able to change the color of PDA vesicles from blue to red with colorimetric response CR % 30.26 ± 0.59. Nisin (200 µg/ml), used as control, also changed the color of the vesicles with CR % 50.56 ± 0.98 validating the membrane-acting nature of these bacteriocins. The PDA vesicles treated with nisin and plantaricin LD1 showed increased infrared absorbance at 1411.46 cm-1 and 1000-1150 cm-1 indicated the interaction of bacteriocins with phospholipids and fatty acids, respectively. Further, microscopic examination also suggested the disruption of bacteriocin-treated vesicles indicating the interaction of bacteriocins. These findings suggest that the PDA vesicles may be used as bio-mimetic sensor for the detection of bacteriocins produced by several probiotics in food and therapeutic applications.

Attenuation of Hg(II)-induced cellular and DNA damage in human blood cells by uric acid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Ahmad ◽  
Neda Tufail ◽  
Nazia Parveen ◽  
Riaz Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cell Organelle ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Human Blood Cells

Mercury (Hg) is a widespread environmental pollutant and toxicant which induces multiple organ damage in humans and animals. Hg toxicity is mediated by the induction of oxidative stress in target cells. We have used uric acid (UA), a potent antioxidant found in biological fluids, to protect human red blood cells (RBC) and lymphocytes against Hg-mediated cell, organelle and genotoxicity. RBC were incubated with HgCl2, an Hg(II) compound, either alone or in presence of UA. Incubation of RBC with only HgCl2 increased production of nitrogen and oxygen radical species, enhanced methemoglobin levels, heme degradation, free ferrous iron, oxidation of proteins and membrane lipids and reduced antioxidant capacity of cells. UA enhanced the antioxidant capacity of RBC and restored metabolic, plasma membrane-bound and antioxidant enzyme activities. Scanning electron microscopy showed that UA prevented HgCl2-mediated morphological changes in RBC. HgCl2 dissipated the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased lysosomal membrane damage in lymphocytes, but UA pre-treatment attenuated these effects. Genotoxicity analysis by comet assay showed that UA protected lymphocyte DNA from HgCl2-induced damage. Importantly, UA itself did not exhibit any deleterious effects in either RBC or lymphocytes. Thus, UA protects human blood cells from Hg(II)-mediated oxidative damage reducing the harmful effects of this extremely toxic metal. We suggest that UA performs a similar protective role in the plasma against heavy metal toxicity.

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