Congenital gallbladder agenesis in a 9-month-old Bull Terrier

Congenital gallbladder agenesis is an extremely rare disorder, which has, to the best of our knowledge, only been reported in seventeen dogs (mainly in Japan). In almost all of these cases, gallbladder agenesis or hypoplasia was detected in small dogs. In this report, we present a case of gallbladder agenesis in a 9-month-old intact female Bull Terrier. The clinical signs included diarrhoea, sporadic vomiting, apathy and decreased appetite. The serum biochemistry revealed an increased liver enzyme activity, an increased concentration of serum bile acids and mild hyperbilirubinaemia. A diagnostic laparotomy demonstrated the lack of a gallbladder and dilation of the common bile duct, which was misinterpreted as the gallbladder in the ultrasonographic examination. The histological examination of the liver revealed degenerative changes in the hepatocytes with glycogen accumulation and some necrotic hepatocytes. The therapy included a low protein diet, fluids, silymarin and ursodeoxycholic acid. After nine weeks of therapy, the dog was in good condition, the diarrhoea and vomiting ceased, and the liver function parameters, such as the AST and GLDH activities, and the concentration of bile acids had decreased to reference intervals.

The effect of Ferulago angulata (Schelchet) Boiss on blood glucose levels and suppression of diabetes in rats

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Medicinal plant Ferulago angulata has anti-oxidant properties. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of a hydroalcoholic extract of F. angulata on the blood glucose level and liver enzyme activity in diabetic male rats. Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into eight groups, including normal and diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 40 mg·kg-1 body weight. Rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of the extract for three weeks. At the end of the experimental period, fasting blood samples were collected, and blood glucose and liver enzyme activity were measured. This study demonstrated that serum glucose levels in diabetic groups treated with F. angulata were significantly lower than those in diabetic rats (P < 0.001). Alanine aminotransferase levels in diabetic rats treated with F. angulata were significantly decreased compared to diabetic rats (P < 0.001). Aspartate aminotransferase levels in diabetic rats treated with 200 and 400 mg·kg-1 F. angulata were significantly decreased compared to diabetic rats (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the serum levels of blood glucose and liver enzymes in the normal group treated with different doses of the extract. These results show that the hydroalcoholic extract of F. angulata might be effective in the treatment of diabetes and consequently alleviate the liver damage caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. This effect might be due to the presence of flavonoids and their antioxidant features.

Biological responses of white sea bream (Diplodus sargus, Linnaeus 1758) and sardine (Sardine pilchardus, Walbaum 1792) exposed to heavy metal contaminated water

The aim of the present work was to assess, by rapid approach, the detoxification capacity and the genotoxicity caused by exposure of some marine fish to polluted waters. The fish species selected for the study: white sea bream (Diplodus sargus, Linnaeus 1758) and sardine (Sardine pilchardus, Walbaum 1792) were collected from different sites of Alexandria, El-Max bay and Bahary, in Egypt. Results of heavy metals analysis in sediment were: Al>Fe>Cr>Pb>Hg>Cd. Concerning detoxification analysis, fish collected from El-Max bay encounter the highest liver enzyme activity of Glutathione S-Transferase. Also, genotoxicity was evaluated in liver, gills and muscle of fishes collected and the results indicated that fish collected from El-Max bay has the highest levels of comets (DNA damage) when compared to the other sites selected as reference. It can be concluded from our results that the different tissues examined have alteration of level of detossification and comets as result of different degree of oxidative pollution insult. These biological responses may be considered for rapid extimation of food oxidative damage as well as for environmental quality.

Гендерні особливості впливу гіпергомоцистеїнемії на метаболізм сірковмісних амінокислот та гідроген сульфіду в печінці

Introduction. Sulfur amino acid disorders are recognized as metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular pathology. However, the question of the involvement of sulfur amino acids in the formation of the gender-defined pathology of cardiovascular system remains unclear.The aim of the study – research the impact of thiolactone hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) on blood levels of sulfur-containing metabolites and enzymes activity in metabolism of homocysteine, cysteine and hydrogen sulfide in the liver of rats of both sexes.Methods of the research. Experiments were conducted on 40 white laboratory rats of both sexes weighing 220–280 g. Hyperhomocysteinemia was modeled by long-term intragastric administration of thiolactone D,L-homocysteine, dosage 100 mg / kg, in 1 % starch solution once per day for 28 days. The research determines the content of homocysteine, cysteine and hydrogen sulfide in blood serum and activity of enzymes in the liver – cystathionine-γ-lyase, cystathionine-β-synthase, cysteine aminotransferase, methionine adenosyltransferase, cysteine dioxygenase and γ-glutamylcysteine ligase.Results and Discussion. Hyperhomocysteinemia initiates gender-defined changes in the content of sulfur-containing metabolites in the serum of rats: increase homocysteine and cysteine and reduction of hydrogen sulfide is 111; 59.2 and 59.4 % in males (females – 82.4, 38.0 and 47.5 %, p<0.05) respectively compared to the control group.HHC in males has led to a more distinct decreased in liver enzyme activity of homocysteine methylation and transsulfuration (on 20.5–24.8 % in males and on 13.4–15.4 % in females, p <0.05), enzymes of cysteine degradation in oxidative and conjugation ways (in 21.1–22.0 % in males and on 13.4–15.3 % in females, p<0.05) and H2S-synthesizing enzymes (20.6–25.9 % in males and on 13.5–17.5 % in females, p<0.05) compared to the control group.Conclusions. It was shown, thiolactone homocysteine administration is accompanied by the rise of homocysteine, cysteine and the reduced levels of hydrogen sulfide in blood in individuals of both sexes, but more significant changes were observed in males. In addition, gender defined changes in the metabolism of sulfur-containing compounds in the liver were registered: male rats showed significantly greater decrease in liver enzyme activity of homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration, cysteine degradation enzymes and synthesis of hydrogen sulfide in the liver compared to female rats.

Study the effect of a new nikel (II) Complex and anticancer drug (cp) on Liver enzyme activity (GPT,GOT) and Creatinine level in Kidney of femal mice

This study involved the effect of anew nickel (II) complexs with formla [NiL2(H2O)2].2.5ETOH where L=Bis[5-(p-nitrophenyL)-4-phenyL-1,2,4-traizole-3-dithocarbamato hydrazide] diaqua. nickel(II). Ethanol(2.5).and anti-cancer drug cyclophosphamide on specific actifity of two Liver enzymes (GOT,GPT) in the (Liver,kidney) tissues and on the creatinine Level in the kidney byUtilizing an invivosystem in femalmice.The result showed that inhibition in the activity of GPT and GOT enzymes in theLiver and in both nickel (II) complex and cyclophosphamide drug (CP) . mice weretreated with three doses (90,180,320) µg/mouse for three days for each group.The Liver show's the highest rate of GPT inhibition was about 97.43% at180µg/mouse regarding the kidney the inhibition rate was about 98.63% at 180µg/mouse .The maximum inhibition of GOT enzame in the Liver was about 77. 48% ataconcentration 180µg/mouse and the inhbition rate of GOT enzyme in the kidney was about 97.87% at aconcentration 320µg/mouse.The result showed the effect of nickel (II) complex on the creatinine Level in the kidney ,The maximum activation was about 99.45% at 320µg/mouse.