Comparative Analysis of Appeal Procedures in the European, American and Brazilian Patent Offices

The right to appeal exists as a response to the two main characteristics of every human being. The first refers to the attitude of not settling for adverse decisions, which leads people to seek instruments to remediate these decisions, while the second is the possibility that every human being has to make mistakes and the need to correct these mistakes in decision-making acts that may have been mistaken. Therefore, an appeal is an instrument that enables review of a decision by a higher authority to obtain its modification or revocation. In the patent system, appeals are used basically to reverse decisions of patent examiners during the examination procedure as, for example, the decision to reject a patent. Although all patent offices have procedures for appeal against first-instance decisions taken by these offices, there are significant differences as to how this procedure is conducted in each office. This chapter will study the laws and regulations, rules and procedures on appeals in two of the main patent offices in the world – the European Patent Office – EPO and the United States Patent and Trademark Office – USPTO, and in the Brazilian Patent Office – INPI, pointing out the main differences between them.

Exophthalmometry Value in Normal and Proptosis Eye 0f Reconstruction, Oculoplastyand Oncology Patients in Sanglah General Hospital Bali

Exophthalmometry is a routine examination procedure for proptosis or ocular protrusion patients. Hertel exophthalmometer is the most commonly used device, including in Sanglah General Hospital as tertiary care centrein Bali. The exophthalmometric measures tend to vary with age, sex, and race. Therefore, many investigators conducted researches to determine the normal value of exophthalmometry result in their populations, however there is no prior study on Indonesia population, specifically in Bali. This research is an observational study with cross sectional approach using data that were collected retrospectively based on medical record of patients with proptosis condition in ROO division, eye clinic of Sanglah General Hospital Bali in period between January 2017 to June 2018. Hertel Exophthalmometer was used to measure eyeball position toward orbital space in normal eyes and proptosis eyes, especially in axial proptosis type. The subjects were 97 patients with proptosis, which is 51 patients (65 eyes) with axial type. Mean exophthalmometry value on normal eyes (37 eyes) in this study was13.86 ± 0.51 mm and for the eyes with proptosis condition (65 eyes) the mean value 17.32 ± 0.37 mm.

The Vaginal Speculum: A Review of Literature Focusing On Specula Redesigns and Improvements to the Pelvic Exam

We reviewed scientific literature relating to the vaginal speculum considering the widespread use of this tool within women’s health. Through a literature review, it is clear that the speculum is not specialized enough to be used for all populations who require the procedure. Despite the fact that the current standard of care is not sufficient for all patients, evaluations of industry solutions are not evident in the current literature, explaining physician hesitancy to adopt these new devices. Additionally, while scholarly literature exists regarding overviews of the topic, novel designs, and general improvements for speculum usage in pelvic examinations, there are noticeable gaps in the scholarship regarding frequency of scholarly output and a blatant disregard for obese populations in vaginal speculum research. More scholarly literature must be published in order to improve awareness of the vaginal speculum and pelvic examinations so that women receive the best care possible. More specifically, novel designs must be evaluated for efficacy and comfort, and more research should be conducted on the pelvic examination procedure and its use on obese patients.

Nonlinear discrete fractional sum inequalities related to the theory of discrete fractional calculus with applications

By means of ς fractional sum operator, certain discrete fractional nonlinear inequalities are replicated in this text. Considering the methodology of discrete fractional calculus, we establish estimations of Gronwall type inequalities for unknown functions. These inequalities are of a new form comparative with the current writing discoveries up until this point and can be viewed as a supportive strategy to assess the solutions of discrete partial differential equations numerically. We show a couple of employments of the compensated inequalities to reflect the benefits of our work. The main outcomes might be demonstrated by the use of the examination procedure and the approach of the mean value hypothesis.

Legislative process in the field of ethnological expert examination in Russia

The article analyses the stages and peculiarities of development of ethnological expert examination as an institution in the Russian Federation. It is beyond argument that different actors to various extent involved in the implementation of the project in question, adhere to divergent approaches, namely: from defining the key regulatory authority (federal center or regions), correlation between ethnological and ecological expert examinations, social and technocratic approaches to the territory development and the role of indigenous small-numbered peoples. Pursuant to the strategic planning documents, ethnological expert examination represents a tool for implementation of the Russian state policy regarding different nationalities. However, state-recognized ethnological expert examination with all legal consequences it entails is only pursued in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) based upon a regional law. The federal legislator only provides a definition of ethnological expert examination (scientific research into the influence of changes in the original living environment of indigenous small-numbered peoples and sociocultural situation on the development of an ethnic group) without enacting any statutory instrument to regulate the procedure. The analysis has shown that Russian legislation requires statutorization of the ethnological expert examination procedure and its binding character along with elaboration of conceptual framework, subject matter and object of this research.

Criminal and legal characteristics of infanticide under the Austrian Criminal Code 1852

Galicia used to be a part of the Austrian Empire from 1772. In 1867, it became a part of the dual monarchy of Austria and Hungary.Following the breakdown of the last and quite short period of restoration of Ukrainian statehood in Galicia in 1918–1919, as theresult of post-war peace accords, the territory joined the Second Polish Republic, where it remained until 1939. During the periodbetween 1852 and 1932, the Austrian Criminal Code was in force in Galicia. Besides, starting from the second half of the 19th century,there was a growing public interest in infanticide, which could be explained by the fact that the society considered such acts to beimmoral, where the victim was a defenceless child, whose own mother was a criminal. Such cases were covered in numerous Galicianperiodicals, and the cases themselves became notable. Nonetheless, most of these crimes remained unsolved.The article dwells on the development of the concept of criminal responsibility for infanticide in the Ukrainian territories in themiddle of the 19th – first third of the 20th century in accordance with the provisions of the Austrian Criminal Code 1852.The law clearly established a distinction between abortion and infanticide, however, in both cases, the object of legal protectionwas the child’s life (whether the child was born or not). It was specifically emphasized that the qualifying feature for this crime was amother’s marital status. The have been analysed the motives the legislative establishment could be guided by when formulating theprivileged components of this crime. There have been provided common features of the examination procedure, whose goal was toestablish the fact of the birth of a child alive as a prerequisite for prosecution for infanticide. It was emphasized that criminal and pu -nishable actions mean not only trying to take the child’s life, but also mother’s inactivity in case of failure to provide the necessaryassistance during childbirth process. The paper briefly outlines social, economic and psychological factors that could prompt a womanto commit a crime.

Deep Learning Assisted Covid-19 Detection using full CT-scans

<div>The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has shown</div><div>the limitations of our current medical institutions. There</div><div>is a need for research in the field of automated diagnosis</div><div>for speeding up the process while maintaining accuracy</div><div>and reducing computational requirements. In this work, an</div><div>automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 infection from CT scans</div><div>of the patients using Deep Learning technique is proposed.</div><div>The proposed model, ReCOV-101 uses full chest CT scans to</div><div>detect varying degrees of COVID-19 infection, and requires</div><div>less computational power. Moreover, in order to improve</div><div>the detection accuracy the CT-scans were preprocessed by</div><div>employing segmentation and interpolation. The proposed</div><div>scheme is based on the residual network, taking advantage</div><div>of skip connection, allowing the model to go deeper.</div><div>Moreover, the model was trained on a single enterpriselevel</div><div>GPU such that it can easily be provided on the edge of</div><div>the network, reducing communication with the cloud often</div><div>required for processing the data. The objective of this work</div><div>is to demonstrate a less hardware-intensive approach for COVID-19 detection with excellent performance that can</div><div>be combined with medical equipment and help ease the</div><div>examination procedure. Moreover, with the proposed model</div><div>an accuracy of 94.9% was achieved.</div>

Deep Learning Assisted Covid-19 Detection using full CT-scans

<div>The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has shown</div><div>the limitations of our current medical institutions. There</div><div>is a need for research in the field of automated diagnosis</div><div>for speeding up the process while maintaining accuracy</div><div>and reducing computational requirements. In this work, an</div><div>automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 infection from CT scans</div><div>of the patients using Deep Learning technique is proposed.</div><div>The proposed model, ReCOV-101 uses full chest CT scans to</div><div>detect varying degrees of COVID-19 infection, and requires</div><div>less computational power. Moreover, in order to improve</div><div>the detection accuracy the CT-scans were preprocessed by</div><div>employing segmentation and interpolation. The proposed</div><div>scheme is based on the residual network, taking advantage</div><div>of skip connection, allowing the model to go deeper.</div><div>Moreover, the model was trained on a single enterpriselevel</div><div>GPU such that it can easily be provided on the edge of</div><div>the network, reducing communication with the cloud often</div><div>required for processing the data. The objective of this work</div><div>is to demonstrate a less hardware-intensive approach for COVID-19 detection with excellent performance that can</div><div>be combined with medical equipment and help ease the</div><div>examination procedure. Moreover, with the proposed model</div><div>an accuracy of 94.9% was achieved.</div>

APPROACH TO INTEGRATIVE MASTER HEALTH CHECK COMBINING HEALTH SCREENING PARAMETERS OF AYURVEDA AND BIOMEDICINE – A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Health check-up is an annual program that attempts to reduce health care costs by early detection of disease symptoms before its usual clinical presentation that can encourage adoption of preventive measures or early treatment. There is a concern among clinicians that the standard tests under health screening packages could be off target in terms of detection of relevant symptoms as far as a few individual groups are concerned and end-up in wastage of money of the end customer. The article presents a review of the current evidences for and against screening of healthy volunteers enlists some of the key challenges that have been reported in health check-up programs and argues the need to give individualized advice on diet and lifestyle through suitable integration of concepts of Ayurveda. It outlines the components of an integrated health screening parameter developed from the ten-fold clinical examination procedure recommended in Ayurveda (called Dasavidhapareeksha) and argues the case for critically drawing from the strengths of both systems of medicine.