scholarly journals Livelihood functions of fisher households under a cold-water production environment of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Water Policy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Baba ◽  
Oyas Asimi ◽  
Ishrat F. Bhat ◽  
Irfan A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Livelihood Security

Abstract This study comprehensively investigated the livelihood security scenario of fisher households (FHs) employing the CARE framework with little modifications, in Kashmir, India. Primary data for this study was collected from selected FHs, and a regression function was fitted to quantify the determinants of livelihood security. The findings revealed that fishing has been their dominant livelihood option. The landholding owned by the households was meagre enough to carry out farming or domesticate animals on commercial lines. Poor capital endowments place them at less livelihood security level; however, the respondents with diversified income have a relatively higher index value for livelihood. The regression estimates indicated that barring social and natural capital, all forms of capital have a significant role to play in securing their livelihood. Poor livelihood security, coupled with less income flow, has made their survival vulnerable to various distresses and health disorders, including the prevalence of Infant & Maternal Mortality. Their dietary intake was undesirably less than their dietary recommendations. The COVID-19 pandemic was perceived as a shock to their livelihood security. Further, public investment, which is pertinent for the growth of the fisheries sector, has shown a discouraging trend. The study concluded with a few policy suggestions for securing the livelihood of the fisher community.

The Impact of Social Capital on Human Wellbeing: Empirical Evidence from Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)

2018 ◽  
pp. 130-155
Author(s):  
Fozia Munir ◽  
Mirajul Haq ◽  
Syed Nisar Hussain Hamadani
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact

Maximization of wellbeing is the exceedingly targeted objective that conventional economics going forward. Keeping in view its central place, economists developed well-structured models and tools in order to measure and investigate wellbeing. In received literature, on the subject, various factors have been investigated that affecting wellbeing. However, wellbeing which is viewed from different approaches and is of a different form is not shaping equally with different types of factors. In this context, this study is an attempt to investigate how subjective wellbeing is affecting by social capital. The basic hypothesis is that “individual wellbeing moves parallel with its social capital”. The hypothesis is empirically tested using primary data set of 848 individuals collecting form Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan). The empirical estimates indicate that keeping other factors constant, an individual that embodied more social capital enjoy more wellbeing in their life. JEL Classification: B24, I30, C43

scholarly journals Livelihood security of agricultural labour households in rainfed region of north-Karnataka – An economic analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.N Venu ◽  
K. B. Umesh ◽  
T. M. Gujanana
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Livelihood Security ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Security Education ◽  
Security Index ◽  
Network Status

A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (social and material resources) and activities used by households for means of living. A livelihood index has been developed for agricultural labour households, based on the primary data. Six different sub-indices obtained are indicators of Economic, Food, Health, Education, Habitat and Social network Status for the rainfed regions of Bijapur district. Finally, a composite livelihood security index has been developed which indicates the livelihood status of migration and non-migration labour households in the study area. It is found that, migration households were moderately secured in terms of food security, economic security, education security and social network security. It was poor in case of health and habitat security. The composite livelihood security index (0.791) indicated that migration households were moderately secured in terms of livelihood. Non-migration labour households, the composite livelihood security index (0.645) indicated that households were less secured. In terms of food security and economic security, moderately secured and highly secured in education. In terms of health, habitat, social networks security non-migration labour households were less secured.

scholarly journals The Impact of Forestry on The Economy of The State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (28) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Nasim Akhter ◽  
Sabahat Akram ◽  
Bashir Ahmed Khilji ◽  
Shahid Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
National Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Integrated Policy ◽  
Forestry Resources ◽  
The Impact

In this paper a study was carried out to assess the contribution and impact of forestry resource on the economy of the State of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, as 42% of the total area is covered by forests. To conduct the study both secondary and primary data was used. Secondary data was collected from different public sector concerned departments. Primary data was collected through a comprehensive questionnaire from 212 selected respondents by using convenience sampling of 3 Forest Divisions which were 16% of total targeted population. Multiple Regression Model was applied by using last twenty years secondary data of ten sectors of the economy. The value indicates goodness of fit of the model. The results show that forestry resources are an important contributor to the state’s National Income. The study recommends concerted efforts and integrated policy making to conserve the fragile eco system of mountainous areas like AJK. The primary and secondary data reveals that 16000 people are availing job opportunities through forestry resource.

scholarly journals Economic analysis of mushroom enterprise in Chitwan district, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-415
Author(s):  
Ranju Acharya ◽  
Ujjwal Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio

The majority of the population (66%) in-country “Nepal” are engaged in agriculture. However, domestic production finds it difficult to meet the annual demand of the people. Hence, people are moving from subsistence agriculture to embrace mushroom farming. This study focuses on economic analysis and analysis of the present status of mushroom farming and enterprise in this country. The study was conducted in the land area of Kalika Municipality and Bharatpur Metropolitan City. 30 mushroom farmers with two huts and at least three years of experience were selected from the study area. The primary data were collected through face-to-face interviews with the farmers, focus group discussion (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII). The secondary data was collected through various published articles and documents. The data analysis was done using basic statistics and a regression function. The benefit-cost ratio is 2.54 and a high gross margin is NRs.490,876.65 per kattha per year. The return to scale (RTS) is 0.80. Five marketing channels are present among which wholesalers and local collectors contributed the highest percentage of the share. However, the dominance of the intermediaries, timely unavailability of inputs, price fluctuation, disease and pest infestation were the major constraints. Disease and pest control, formation of the producer organization, improvised cultivation practices, timely and affordable availability of quality can be the major solution measures. Whereas, suitable climatic conditions, high productivity and growing market demand are the strengths of mushroom production in this study area. Mushroom farming is found to be a profitable business concerning competitive and comparative markets. 

Terminalia chebula Retz. (Harad) for Livelihood Security of Farmers of Kandi Villages of Jammu Region of Jammu and Kashmir

2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Punit Choudhary ◽  
Rakesh Anon ◽  
Vipin Gularia ◽  
S. K. Gupta ◽  
Vikas Tandon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Livelihood Security

Agriculture Livelihood Security

2018 ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Livelihood Security ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter describes how through the prism of CSR, industry can take a stride in evolving its relationship with the stakeholders. Agriculture continues to remain the mainstay of livelihood for chunk of the population. The sector is drawn with the dual daunting challenges of producing more simultaneously without depleting natural resources. A pilot study is instituted to gain an insight into the CSR-agriculture initiative of the industry. This conceptual chapter has not attempted to triangulate the primary data, focusing on similar issues from other studies. However, the proposed 3D approach: “Diverse Dynamic Dignified,” is an outcome of FGD which provides a framework to take a broader view for wider replication by customizing it to the local conditions. This chapter contributes to the existing literature and advocates that the industry should prioritize agriculture livelihood security in their CSR endeavors.

scholarly journals Problems and Prospects of Himalayan Farmers and Farming: A Case Study of District Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
Avishake Raina ◽  
Vaishali Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Traditional Mode ◽  
Himalayan Mountain ◽  
Credit Lack ◽  
Future Growth

Agriculture is one of the fundamental features of the Indian economy. Agriculture along with its allied activities employs near about half of the population of India. The Himalayas form the major mountain ranges of the country and covers the northern and northeastern parts of the country. The Himalayan mountain region covers around 10 states of India including Jammu and Kashmir (J & K). The main source of livelihood of these regions is agriculture but the nature of agriculture is still traditional and is of subsistence type. The productivity is also low and unsatisfactory. This paper is an attempt to highlight some of the main problems faced by the farmers and to analyze prospects for the future growth of Himalayan agriculture. It also focused on analyzing the present status of farmers in the region. This paper is focused on district Kishtwar of J & K, a major Himalayan territory. The paper is based on primary data and a sample of 400 farmers has been taken for the study. The finding of the study shows that farmers in the region are mostly marginal and the area still lacks the irrigation facility. Still, the traditional mode of farming is practiced in the region. It also revealed that illiteracy, lack of information, lack of credit, lack of irrigation facilities, soil erosion, traditional mode of agriculture, etc. are some of the major problems faced by the farmers in the district. The area needs some immediate steps to be taken for the growth of agriculture in a real and much better way.

scholarly journals Chalcolithic and Middle Bronze Age obsidian industries at Karmir Sar: A mountain view on the lithic economies of the Southern Caucasus

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Purschwitz
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Middle Bronze Age

The high-altitude site of Karmir Sar is located around 2850 m a.s.l. on the southern slopes of Mt. Aragats (Armenia). Numerous stone structures (including vishaps, cromlechs, stone enclosures) are found all over the 40 ha-sized meadow, out of which three vishaps, four cromlechs and one circular stone structure have been investigated since 2012. According to 14C-dates, pottery and diagnostic lithic artefacts, human presence at Karmir Sar started as early as the Chalcolithic Period and continued (with gaps) until modern times; whereby the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) and the Medieval era represent the most intensive periods of occupation. This contribution presents primary data on the typology and technology of 1129 chipped lithic artefacts that have been excavated in four trenches at Karmir Sar (operations KS A, KS C, KS D, and KS E). This study of the lithic industries of Karmir Sar will be embedded within the framework of lithic economy, which considers lithic artefacts as part of a comprehensive interaction between lithic production and consumption. The lithic economy includes strategies of raw material procurement, blanks production and its transformation into tools, tool use, as well as the circulation of raw materials or products. Due to multiple use episodes and a general lack of clear stratigraphical horizons, the assemblages of Karmir Sar are not suitable to define the lithic industry for specific periods (such as the Chalcolithic or MBA periods). However, the data allows for general conclusions on lithic production and consumption at Karmir Sar, which appears to be quite similar during both periods. The Chalcolithic and MBA lithic economies at Karmir Sar are characterized by an ad hoc tool production environment, which well matches the needs of semi-mobile herder societies. The majority of raw materials appear to be procured from secondary source areas (such as riverbeds) which is indicated by a high ratio of battered and rolled surfaces. Tools are predominantly produced on-site, and according to daily demands by simple flake core technology. This allowed for a flexible, spontaneous blank and tool production without being dependent on specialized blade producers.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora of Harighal, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shoaib Amjad ◽  
Ujala Zahoor ◽  
Rainer W. Bussmann ◽  
Muhammad Altaf ◽  
Syed Mubashar Hussain Gardazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Mentha Longifolia

Abstract Background: The present study is the first quantitative ethnobotanical evaluation of Harighal, an inaccessible and unexplored area of District Bagh Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). The exploration, quantification and comparison of ethnobotanical knowledge among different rural communities of the study area were mainly focused during field survey.Methodology: In total, 79 informants (49 men and 34 women) were selected randomly to collect data using a semi-structured questionnaire. Various quantitative indices, including use value, relative frequency of citation, relative importance, fidelity level and informant consent factor were employed to evaluate the gathered information. Furthermore, primary data were also compared with twenty-two papers published from adjoining areas.Result: A total of 150 medicinal plants belonging to 98 genera and 60 families were documented. Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae were the dominant families having 15 species each. Of these 76 species were indigenous, 74 exotic, 136 were collected in the wild, 10 cultivated and 4 both wild-collected and cultivated. Herbaceous taxa were the most used life form, and leaves were the most exploited plant part. Decoctions were the most preferred method used in preparation of herbal recipes. Three species viz. Mentha longifolia, Berberis lycium and Galium aparine had the highest use value (1.05), relative frequency of citation (0.81) and relative importance value (96), respectively. The highest informant consensus factor (ICF) was reported for digestive disorders. Mentha longifolia, Punica granatum, Zanthoxylum alatum and Olea ferruginea had 100% fidelity values. The Jaccard index revealed that uses of plants were more similar in two neighboring areas i.e. Pearl Valley and Toli Peer.Conclusion: Local inhabitants still prioritize herbal medicines as an effective way to treat a wide variety of ailments. Elders and health practitioners of the study area are well aware of indigenous knowledge about medicinal plants, but young people are not much interested in herbal practices. Thus, valuable knowledge about the use of plants is on the verge of decline.

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