Strategy for the Development of a New Lipstick Formula

The strategy to adopt for the development of a new lipstick formula requires, as a first step, the definition of the most important characteristics of a modern product. Successively, the identification of the key properties of any innovative ingredient is necessary. Then, a comprehension of the key parameters in the establishment of a stable equilibrium among the different formula components in the solid state is important. Moreover, it is necessary to study the interactions among the new ingredients and the other structural components in the formula. Finally, an evaluation of the sensory properties of the different final formulae for fine-tuning of practical performances needs to be carefully carried out. In this study, a systematic formulation approach tried to obtain a new lipstick formula using a new vegetal-derived emollient *(INCLUDING COCO-CAPRYLATE/CAPRATE, HYDROGENATED OLIVE OIL UNSAPONIFIABLES) with sensorial properties similar to some types of silicones. Some application trials of the new raw material were carried out. The following aspects of this ingredient were investigated: (1) Compatibility and thickening with waxes, (2) dispersion power of pigments, and (3) influence on sensory characteristics of the formulated lipstick. This new emollient has been shown to improve some aspects of a lipstick formula, in particular shine, homogeneity, and covering effect. The optimization of the formula, in order to increase the sensation of softness on the lips, is described. *Plantasens Olive LD SP ECO, supplier Clariant Gmbh.

1. What’s ‘neo’ about liberalism?

‘What’s ‘neo’ about liberalism?’ discusses the core ideas and principles of neoliberalism. The best way to conceptualize neoliberalism is to think of it as four intertwined manifestations: an ideology; a mode of governance; a policy package; and a particular form of capitalism. Built upon the classical liberal ideal of the self-regulating market, neoliberalism comes in several strands and variations. Although neoliberalism comes in several forms, one can find an early systematic formulation of its economic principles in those of the Mont Pelerin Society. Founded in 1947 by Friedrich August von Hayek, the Society sought to revive classical liberalism in its attempt to challenge the dominance of Keynesian ideas.

An Adjusted Weight Metric to Quantify Flexibility Available in Conventional Generators for Low Carbon Power Systems

With the increasing shares of intermittent renewable sources in the grid, it becomes increasingly essential to quantify the requirements of the power systems flexibility. In this article, an adjusted weight flexibility metric (AWFM) is developed to quantify the available flexibility within individual generators as well as within the overall system. The developed metric is useful for power system operators who require a fast, simple, and offline metric. This provides a more realistic and accurate quantification of the available technical flexibility without performing time-consuming multi-temporal simulations. Another interesting feature is that it can be used to facilitate scenario comparisons. This is achieved by developing a new framework to assure the consistency of the metric and by proposing a new adjusted weighting mechanism based on correlation analysis and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). A new ranking approach based on flexibility was also proposed to increase the share of the renewable energy sources (RESs). The proposed framework was tested on the IEEE RTS-96 test-system. The results demonstrate the consistency of the AWFM. Moreover, the results show that the proposed metric is adaptive as it automatically adjusts the flexibility index with the addition or removal of generators. The new ranking approach proved its ability to increase the wind share from 28% to 37.2% within the test system. The AWFM can be a valuable contribution to the field of flexibility for its ability to provide systematic formulation for the precise analysis and accurate assessment of inherent technical flexibility for a low carbon power system.

Industry 4.0 in Management Studies: A Systematic Literature Review

Recent developments in production processes and their automation have led to the definition of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, commonly known as “Industry 4.0”. Industry 4.0 is a very broad domain that includes: production processes, efficiency, data management, relationship with consumers, competitiveness, and much more. At the same time, obviously, Industry 4.0 has become a new theme for management scholars and business economics disciplines and a number of contributions covering various issues and aspects have been published. However, a systematic formulation of all these contributions is still lacking in management literature. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to analyze and classify the main contributions published on the topic of Industry 4.0 in management literature, seeking to give it a unique definition, discover the gaps still remaining in literature and outline future avenues of research in this domain. A systematic review of the literature of the major academic and research databases has been used as methodology to achieve the aim of the paper. This work contributes theoretically to the development of literature on Industry 4.0 and from a managerial perspective it could support entrepreneurs in better understanding the implications and fields of application of the Fourth Industrial Revolution as well as the interplay among them.

Venn, John (1834–1923)

John Venn was a British symbolic logician and methodologist of science. He is known for having invented the method of Venn diagrams for judging the validity of categorical syllogisms and for advocating the ‘compartmental’ conception of categorical propositions which they display. He strongly defended Boole’s algebraic methods in logic by giving them clear logical meanings. He provided the first systematic formulation of the frequency theory of probability, and he showed the uncertainties inherent in the use of J.S. Mill’s inductive methods.

Free Dynamics of Multi-Block Rocking Assemblies

Rocking systems are increasingly being investigated for use as base-isolators in structural engineering applications. Unfortunately these systems present complicated, piecewise defined, kinematic relationships between their generalized coordinates (usually the joint opening angles). This makes it difficult to obtain the governing equations, even for the dynamics between rocking/impact events. This paper seeks to address this through a systematic formulation of the governing equations of rocking post-tensioned assemblies with any number of blocks under base motion. The results are limited to the smooth dynamics between rocking events, and thus, although an important step, they do not give the complete description of rocking systems. The formulation utilizes the Euler-Lagrange equation to model the dynamics, with the constraint that all rocking occurs about the corners of the blocks.