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Diogenes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Alexandrov ◽  
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The article is devoted to a key moment in the history of British liberalism when, under the influence of the Industrial Revolution, the need arose for a revision of classical liberal teaching. On the border between classical and social liberalism stands the figure of the British philosopher and economist John Stuart Mill who attempted to update the basic tenets of liberal ideology. Taking into account the socio-economic reality of his time, he set out to revise the foundations of liberal ideology, rethinking in modern times the problems of freedom, property and governance by expanding their perimeter in favour of the masses. This article also details Stuart Mill’s concept of individualism and collectivism in the context of freedom and the right to self-determination.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-435
Author(s):  
Nick Cowen ◽  
Vincent Geloso

Abstract Thomas Piketty’s Capital and Ideology (2020) offers a powerful critique of ideological justifications for inequality in capitalist societies. Does this mean we should reject capitalist institutions altogether? This paper defends some aspects of capitalism by explaining the epistemic function of market economies and their ability to harness capital to meet the needs of the relatively disadvantaged. We support this classical liberal position with reference to empirical research on historical trends in inequality that challenges some of Piketty’s interpretations of the data. Then we discuss the implications of this position in terms of limits on the efficacy of participatory governance within firms and the capacity of the state to levy systematic taxes on wealth.


Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Tariq Modood ◽  
Thomas Sealy

The classical liberal concern for freedom of religion today intersects with concerns of equality and respect for minorities, of what might be loosely termed ‘multiculturalism’. When these minorities were primarily understood in terms of ethno-racial identities, multiculturalism and freedom of religion were seen at that time as quite separate policy and legal fields. As ethno-religious identities have become central to multiculturalism (and to rejections of multiculturalism), specifically in Western Europe in relation to its growing Muslim settlements, not only have the two fields intersected, new approaches to religion and equality have emerged. We consider the relationship between freedom of religion and ethno-religious equality, or alternatively, religion as faith or conscience and religion as group identity. We argue that the normative challenges raised by multicultural equality and integration cannot be met by individualist understandings of religion and freedom, by the idea of state neutrality, nor by laicist understandings of citizenship and equality. Hence, a re-thinking of the place of religion in public life and of religion as a public good and a re-configuring of political secularism in the context of religious diversity is necessary. We explore a number of pro-diversity approaches that suggest what a respectful and inclusive egalitarian governance of religious diversity might look like, and consider what might be usefully learnt from other countries, as Europe struggles with a deeper diversity than it has known for a long time. The moderate secularism that has historically evolved in Western Europe is potentially accommodative of religious diversity, just as it came to be of Christian churches, but it has to be ‘multiculturalised’.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Max Waltman

The introduction sets out the parameters for the inquiry. It summarizes part I on the harms of pornography, including the sexual aggression against women it engenders and its production’s exploitative abuses. The findings canvassed are situated in the context of gender-based violence and sex discrimination, pornography being found to be one of the more potent linchpins in this hierarchy of oppression that contemporary democracies allow, despite their equality ideals. A problem-driven approach is taken to answer what is in the way for democracies to address pornography’s harms legally. A theory of hierarchy to be tested and applied is summarized, including its postmodern and classical liberal critics. The analytical leverage gained by comparing most similar systems of democracies with significant constitutional and legal differences is explained. Solving the equation of the competing interests involved is considered to provide insights to unraveling other intractable problems of oppression by legal means.


Author(s):  
Vitālijs Šalda ◽  

The issue of school education in the mother tongue, which is part of a wider issue of the rights of national minorities in a civilized society, is still topical in Latvia nowadays. In this respect, the attitude of Latvian publicists towards the education in native language in the second half of the 19th century may be of interest, as they largely articulated the wishes and demands of the people to the ruling regime, when Latvians were struggling to obtain education for their children in their mother tongue opposed to the offi-cial language of the state. Based on the study of Latvian periodicals of the second half of the 19th century, the author con-cludes, that speaking about the use of the mother tongue in schools, Latvian publicists defended both na-tional and classical liberal values. It was found that their arguments about the need for a consistent use of the mother tongue in the education system were still incomplete, but they cannot be scientifically denied even today.


2021 ◽  
pp. 147821032110313
Author(s):  
Jaakko Honkanen ◽  
Rauno Huttunen

This article attempts to start an in-depth consideration and analysis of modern neoliberal education policy through its philosophical roots. To achieve this, the article considers the ideology and philosophy of the classical liberal philosopher John Stuart Mill and the relationship of his philosophy with the modern-day neoliberalist education policy. The purpose of the article is to discuss the philosophical groundwork that drives Mill’s ideas on the establishment of education and compares it to the philosophical groundwork and implications present in modern neoliberal education policy, and through this begin to assert what neoliberalist education policy is. The paper asserts that while Mill’s version of classical liberalism holds similar views and forms of occurrence with modern neoliberalist policies, in many cases Mill’s philosophical groundwork seems to disagree fundamentally with that of neoliberalism. The study is based on literature detailing both the philosophical as well as polity aspects of both Mill’s ideas and modern neoliberalism from the viewpoint of education, and it presents considerations for the nature of neoliberal education policy and its future analysis.


Author(s):  
Aaron Michael Mulligan

The extent to which the COVID pandemic has been shaped by communication is enigmatic as the very term “viral” has become a term of information science as much as of biology. Insofar as sizable populations have become cynical about information regarding COVID, their behavior has accelerated the threat of the virus. This paper proposes that this pandemic is fundamentally a crisis of communication emerging from antagonisms and inconsistencies latent within a general concept of “freedom”. The notion of freedom that has emerged with neoliberalism is one of a lack of regulation. Such a naive idea of freedom becomes particularly problematic when compounded with the classical liberal value of freedom of speech. This paper addresses the impossibility of unlimited speech, particularly on the internet, focusing on the desire such impossibility stimulates. This desire is an economic fuel for social media platforms. Insofar as artists share their practices via social media and generally use these platforms for networking, their practices inherit contradictions that artists must become conscious of to prevent a web-based practice from becoming emotionally exploitive and economically complicit. This crisis amplifies those contradictions that drive the artist to the point of despair.


2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (S2) ◽  
pp. S275-S291
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Barkow

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