Changing Attitudes towards Occupational Medicine with Blended Learning Methods Is Possible among Medical Students in Spain: A Longitudinal Study

Medical students generally express a low interest in Occupational Medicine. We aimed to assess the attitudes and changes in attitudes of students towards this area after completing a course on Occupational Medicine in two Medical Universities in Spain (Zaragoza and Castilla-La Mancha). The teaching method included blended learning as a model that used online virtual patient platforms (CASUS) and/or EMUTOM, as well as traditional methods such as face-to-face teaching. A total of 526 students (98 of whom attended the University of Castilla-La Mancha) participated during three academic years (2015–2016, 2016–2017 and 2017–2018). The validation of the questionnaire was carried out using reliability, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. For the analysis of internal consistency and discrimination, Cronbach’s alpha was used. The adequacy of the factor analysis was measured by means of KMO, and a correlation matrix was examined by means of Bartlett’s test of sphericity. To identify differences between students before and after completing the course, the Mann–Whitney U-test for independent samples was used. Our results show that despite a negative or neutral attitude towards Occupational Medicine, the acquisition of competences and skills in this area and their training were recognized as fundamental for their future professional performance as doctors in any specialty.

ГНОСЕОЛОГІЧНА СУТНІСТЬ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА ФОРМУВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ В УМОВАХ СТРУКТУРНО-ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ПЕРЕТВОРЕНЬ

The article provides insights into the nature and specifics of social responsibility of higher education institutions in the context of transformational economy. In particular, it is argued that in the frameworks of structural and innovative transformations, technogenic safety as a readiness to be socially responsible, contributes to implementing the idea of integration of philosophical, legal, sociological and pedagogical approaches to enhance the performance of modern higher education institutions. The most critical factors in building social responsibility are the focus on professional responsibility, autonomy of higher education institutions, as well as the compliance with the principle of freedom of choice and responsibility in providing dual education services and applied research. The hypothesis of the study is the statement that in the context of structural and innovative transformations, the gnoseological nature of social responsibility of higher education institutions is embodied in gradual building of a technogenic safety paradigm. The research objective is to explore the specifics of social responsibility of higher education institutions from the perspectives of structural and innovative transformations. To attain the study agenda, the following research methods have been employed: historical analysis – to track successive changes in social responsibility concepts in the area of higher education subject to evolutionary development of society; analysis and synthesis techniques – to reveal the content and structure of a social responsibility framework. The findings demonstrate that a technological background to facilitate successive change in the structure of social responsibility elements is the following chain relationship: goals – knowledge – methods – activities. In this chain, goals are considered as expected professional performance outcomes; knowledge, methods and activities – as the capacity (readiness) of higher education institutions to implement effective professional technologies to attain the best results along with meeting all stakeholders’ demands. The summary concludes that the gnoseological implications in building social responsibility in higher education institutions affect the content of goals and the qualitative variety of tools which rely upon worldview and cultural societal values, as well as moral principles and ethical standards of educational activities.

Analysis of the psychosocial profile of pre-service teachers

University students face many challenges that affect their mental health during this stage. Psychosocial aspects, such as resilience, help to address the imbalance they often experience in their daily lives. The aim is to find the relationship between students' resilience and their mental health, while analyzing the mediating role played by personality factors between these variables. To carry out this study, a sample of 692 university students belonging to different Degrees of Education answered three questionnaires voluntarily, one to measure resilience (RS-14), another to measure personality factors (Big Five) and another to measure mental health (MH-5). A mediational model based on Structural Equations was proposed for this analysis. The results indicate that resilience is able to significantly predict students' mental health directly and that it also predicts all personality components assessed in students. Furthermore, it was found that of all the personality factors examined, only neuroticism was found to be predictive of mental health. Furthermore, resilience is positioned as a mediating factor between mental health and personality factors. Specifically, resilience emerged as a significant mediator in the relationship between agreeableness, neuroticism and openness and mental health. Moreover, all other personality factors are directly related to resilience. In the same way, the results also confirm the need to train pre-service teachers in psychosocial factors in order to prevent future problems in their subsequent professional performance.

Negative Stereotypes Towards Older People. A Study with Teachers in Initial Training

Objective. To describe whether there are stereotypes towards older adults by the group of teachers in initial training. Method. The approach was quantitative and not probabilistic through a statistical study with university students preparing to become primary school teachers in the Spanish education system. This training profile includes adult and senior education as an additional professional opportunity. The sample (n=110) has been selected among students of the Primary Education Degree. We have applied the Negative Stereotype Questionnaire for the Elderly (CENVE) and the Educational Stereotype Questionnaire for the Elderly (CEEAM). Results. We suggest that the respondents present some degree of stereotypes towards older adults; the stereotype is greater when we question the deterioration of memory and cognitive impairment in general. However, the data are positive, except that in the case of the health factor we found two items in which respondents reported a higher level of stereotyping. Conclusions. Based on these results, we conclude that it is necessary to work on stereotypical perceptions, especially with students pursuing careers related to education, since their professional performance can lead them to develop their teaching careers in adult and senior education. The education professions must be involved in improving quality of life, active aging, and lifelong learning through professional practice and the elimination of personal and societal stereotypes.

Gestão Sustentável nas Empresas: uma análise da sustentabilidade na percepção de estudantes de Administração ## Sustainable Management in Companies: an analysis of sustainability in Business Administration students´ perception

As empresas eram vistas apenas como organizações econômicas com responsabilidades referentes a resolver problemas econômicos fundamentais e agora têm presenciado o surgimento de novos papéis que devem ser desempenhados, dentre eles, a conscientização com os problemas ambientais e sociais. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar a gestão sustentável nas empresas, na percepção dos estudantes do Curso de Administração da UFCG e FAI Nordeste. A pesquisa se justifica pela necessidade de incentivar os empresários e futuros administradores a preservarem o meio ambiente, contribuindo também para incentivá-los a realizar práticas de gestão ambiental. A metodologia utilizada é de abordagem quantitativa, natureza aplicada e do tipo descritiva. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário, aplicado a 129 estudantes. Pode-se constatar que muitos estudantes consideram o desenvolvimento sustentável uma ferramenta capaz de manter o equilíbrio entre as dimensões do Triple Bottom Line (TBL). Bem como acreditam que a sustentabilidade gera lucros às empresas, mantendo-as em vantagem competitiva, além de consideram a Educação Ambiental de fundamental importância ao Curso de Administração. Esta pesquisa é de grande relevância para o meio acadêmico e social em geral, pois, ressalta o dever de incentivar a conscientização sobre a preservação do meio ambiente, contribuindo diretamente com a atuação profissional dos futuros administradores a realizarem práticas de gestão sustentável nas empresas. ABSTRACTCompanies were seen only as economic organizations with responsibilities for resolving fundamental economic problems and now have witnessed the emergence of new roles to be played, among them, awareness of environmental problems. The general objective of this work is to analyze the sustainable management in the companies, in the perception of the students of the Administration Course of the UFCG and FAI Nordeste. The research is justified by the need to encourage entrepreneurs and future managers to preserve the environment, and also to encourage them to carry out environmental management practices. The methodology used is a quantitative approach, applied nature and descriptive type. For data collection, a questionnaire was used, applied to 129 students. It can be seen that many students consider sustainable development as a tool capable of maintaining the balance between the dimensions of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL). And they believe that sustainability is profitable businesses, keeping them at a competitive advantage, as well as consider the environmental education of fundamental importance to the Administration Course. This research is of great importance for academic and social environment in general, therefore, emphasizes the duty to encourage awareness of the preservation of the environment, contributing directly to the professional performance of future managers to undertake sustainable management practices in companies.

La satisfacción laboral en condiciones de trabajo flexible en una empresa de telefonía móvil

Job satisfaction with respect to the policies and practices that guide flexible work in companies has become a topic of great interest to managers of organizations. This article reports the results of the study carried out on the state of satisfaction experienced by the workers of a company that operates under flexible work schemes, dedicated to the commercialization of communication instruments and services. The proposed objective was to know the level of satisfaction of the staff and identify the critical areas or areas for improvement of the working and professional conditions of the employees. It is a quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional, non-experimental research aimed at validating the hypothesis about the effects on the feeling of job insecurity in the worker and their closeness or identification with the company, as well as with their professional performance.

Efecto de la asistencia técnica en el desempeño profesional

The purpose of this research was to identify the advantages of technical assistance in continuous training processes and its effects on the performance of health professionals who care for children under 3 years of age in the Growth and Development Control (CRED). The research showed that by incorporating the Technical Assistance (TA) variable, continuous training programs are more efficient, that is, when capacities are strengthened in the field of professional action. The study design was quantitative, according to its depth it is explanatory of a quasi-experimental type, aimed at identifying the causal relationship or effect of technical assistance on professional performance, comparing an experimental group and a control group. The general results show significant differences, the experimental group, reaching an average of 51.67, while the control group only reached 26.53, applying the non-parametric Mann Whitney U test: p≤.01. Although continuous training generates progress in both groups, when incorporating the AT variable, a significant jump is evidenced compared to the control group, concluding that technical assistance improves the performance of the health personnel who attend to the CRED Control, strengthening and increasing their capabilities.

Museus Corporativos como Ferramentas de Comunicação Interna no Curso da Memória Organizacional / Corporate museums as tools for Internal communication in the orientation of Organizational Memory

This work aims to identify the potential of corporate museums as organizational memory initiatives, as well as the contribution of these spaces to internal communication as assets to strengthen a company's culture. In this qualitative research, we conducted a bibliographic study, in which we identified in the literature since the need for the feeling of belonging to society; the advent of the “memory culture” phenomenon; the formalization of the past in places of memory; and the interface of these social movements within organizations - with the rise of corporate museums. As an intersection of structuring the past, in Brazil and in the world, there are historical periods marked by changes in power and political freedoms. To understand and identify this process, we analyzed six corporate museums, which are owned and operated by traditional private organizations, installed over 40 years ago in Fortaleza and neighboring municipalities, in the state of Ceará. Thus, we structured the results of applying a semi-structured questionnaire in a table, which was sent by e-mail to those responsible for these memory spaces. The questions were constructed, aligned with the theoretical concepts presented and in search of the specific objectives to identify: the potential contribution of these corporate museums as a tool of internal communication in the management of people; understand the role of these spaces in the development and consolidation of the sense of identification and belonging of the internal public, through the transmission of institutional values. We also structured the analysis of data and institutional information collected in the table, characterizing each museum. Thus, by mapping the type of collection, the place where they work and the directions of the narrative exposed in the analyzed spaces, it is possible to dimension perspectives for the questioning of an organization, after all, “Museum, for what? ”. In other words, what is the intention of each memory space, what message do want to strengthen with visitors, for example. Still, among the contributions presented for academic studies and professional performance, are: an unprecedented proposal, not found in the literature, for the classification of potential explored by the internal communication area (low, good and high). Regarding this classification, it is worth mentioning that we were guided by the purpose of finding perspectives for academic studies, as well as for professional performance in organizational communication, not having the objective, therefore, to tax any evidence found, right or wrong, but rather to give light to the opportunities already understood and explored by the internal communication, human resources and public relations sectors of one organization, but not yet strengthened in another. In our studies, we have also identified the possibilities of strategic use of this organizational memory by the areas of internal communication, public relations and HR, such as tax exemptions, in addition to the direct relationship of corporate museum projects to the high management of the initiatives studied. The literature and the studied spaces also showed us that the memory of a company, as well as its organizational culture, can be seen as a strategic element, of affirmation and positioning in the market in times of great changes. Understanding the internal public and its potential to multiply organizational culture is also a possible and necessary look at companies memory projects. We also bring the contribution that, in order to be strategic in strengthening ties and for the perpetuation of institutional values ​​in the internal environment, the corporate museum needs to be aligned with the effort to consolidate the collective memory of the social context in which the organization is inserted.