Development of professional behaviour with an additional experiential year in pharmacy curriculum: students’ and preceptors’ perspectives

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine whether an additional year of experiential training fosters the development of professional behaviours in pharmacy students. Surveyed cohorts included experiential year one (EY1) and two (EY2) students, compared to their clinical preceptors. Methods: A validated survey instrument called APIPHANI was utilised to assess professionalism across five distinct domains that aligned with the American Pharmacists Association (AphA) toolkit. Data were analysed by a 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U test. Results: EY2 students exhibited non-statistically significant higher numerical scores than EY1 students in both Knowledge (domain 1) and Professional Involvement (domain 3), and nearly equivalent scores in Proactivity (domain 2) and Integrity (domain 5). Conclusions: These results suggest that an additional year of experiential training expands the knowledge with the EY2 students, moving closer towards the preceptors’ level of knowledge. Students harboured stronger community involvement than preceptors, with the highest reported by EY2 students.

Pesticides Misused for Bed Bug Control: Comparing Professional and Nonprofessional Applications Reported to the National Pesticide Information Center, 2013–2017

Objectives. To compare outcomes when pesticides are used to control bed bugs by professionals and nonprofessionals. Methods. All US National Pesticide Information Center inquiries from 2013 to 2017 were assessed to identify scenarios involving bed bugs and pesticide applications. Cases were evaluated with respect to types of applicators, misapplications, and human pesticide exposures. Results. Misapplications were more than twice as likely to be reported in cases involving nonprofessional applications (14%) as in cases involving professional applications (5%). Human exposures to pesticides were reported more often when pesticides were misapplied (70%) than when there were no apparent misapplications (31%). Conclusions. Both professionals and nonprofessionals may misuse pesticides to control bed bugs, which may increase the risks of exposure and adverse outcomes. Policy interventions may reduce pesticide incidents related to bed bug control by promoting professional involvement and adherence to product label instructions. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 29, 2021: e1–e3. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306307 )

INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NON-FAMILY BUSINESS MEMBERS, NEPOTISM AND PRIDE IN FAMILY BUSINESS SUCCESSION

The purpose of this study is to raise issues related to the succession of family-owned businesses, influenced by the involvement of members outside the family business and have something to do with nepotism and self-esteem. Conceptually, there is a relationship between members outside the family business, nepotism, and self-esteem in the family business. When there is professional involvement, the effect is positive on the family business's succession. When there is a practice of nepotism, this will harm the family business. And finally, regarding self-esteem, which will have a positive influence on the family business. This research's approach is quantitative, by looking at how much impact the independent variable has on the dependent where the sample of this study is 128 respondents. The results of this study indicate that professional existence does not affect the success of the family business. Simultaneously, nepotism will harm the family business, and then self-esteem will affect the family business's succession.

An Evaluation of Professional Involvement and Challenges in Housing Development in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

This study evaluated the extent of professional involvement in housing development in Ekiti State housing corporation, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria with a view to providing information that will promote the importance of professional’s involvement in housing development in the study area.User’s opinion was obtained through the research instrument called questionnaire which was designed to investigate a number of variables that determines the involvement of building professionals and challenges in housing development and planning by the house owners in both the Federal and the State Housing Estates selected in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. The sample size was taken using krejcie and morgan, (1970) table for determining sample size from a given population. The corresponding value of 281 housing owners amounted (162) sample size. One hundred and sixty (160) questionnaires were retrieving from the randomly selected respondents of the housing estates. Samples were analyzed and processed using descriptive, bivariate and Multivariate Analysis. The result shows that majority of the respondents (44.3%) had 3-bedroom flat in the selected housing and 84.5% of respondents consulted registered surveyor for survey plan. Also, only (61.9%) affirmed that they involved a building professional during the building development. Challenges such as undue delay in signing the survey plan (63.8%), getting competent professionals (58.8%), architectural drawings (70.0%), structural drawings (61.3%) electrical and mechanical drawings (64.4%) from the architect and engineers respectively, accessibility (74.4%) for building materials storage and undue delay due to omo-onile (78.1%) during land development had very low influences on housing development and planning. However, undue delay in signing the final building plans (64.4%) for construction and getting competent artisans and laborers (76.3%) had very high influences on housing development. the result of this study will be useful to establish a policy on the impotence of involving competent professionals in housing development in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

The Political Culture of a Poet

It has been an article of faith in Mandelstam studies that he conceived an early antagonism for Soviet life and became an outcast. This chapter surveys the political language of journalism and poetry from 1918 until the collision with Stalin in 1934. Combining literary analysis, biography, and a forensic survey of his publishing record, it analyses his ideological positions. The profile of the writer in this revisionist account is of commitment to cultural revolution and professional involvement. In the late 1920s as the Proletarian movement and class warfare became entrenched, he sought to establish his credentials as a writer ‘made’ by the revolution, courting controversy at the end of New Economic Policy with views on state-sponsored translation as a tool of progress. His defence of expertise as the right means to enlighten cut across political trends, leading to a clash with fellow writers and Stalin.

Smartphone applications and its role in foot and ankle surgery (Preprint)

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed inherent weaknesses in global healthcare systems. Conversely, it has encouraged innovation, research and collaboration. Digital technology and AI has the ability to tackle these difficulties via the use of applications. However, the reliability and validity of unregulated medical applications must be questioned. The aim of this study was to review surgical foot and ankle themed applications and specifically assess the level of involvement from medical professionals in the design and content.The orthopaedic apps currently available have a variety of uses – they can be related to patient education, physician education, clinical evaluation, clinical treatment and surgical training. As of April 2020 there were 2.56 million apps available to download on Google Play, making it the largest app store on the market . Apple's app Store is the second-largest with approximately 1.85 million Apps available for iOS . Smartphone Apps provide platform for surgeons and software developers to collaborate and create novel tools to assist surgeons in practice and education. The purpose of this review is to identify and assess all smartphone apps related to the field of foot and ankle surgery. OBJECTIVE To summarize the most popular and useful foot and ankle apps. To provide an overview about app usage, customer satisfaction and availability. To provide recommendations to the foot and ankle community regarding medical profession involvement in the development of these apps. METHODS A team of reviewers searched the The App Store (iOS), Google Play (Android) and the BlackBerry App World (Blackberry) for foot and ankle themed applications. Due to Official shut down of blackberry World on 31st December 2019 and most of Blackberry devices since 2015 no longer used Blackberry 10operating system but used Android reviews were restricted to Android and iOS stores. The following search terms were used: bunions, ankle sprains, diabetic foot, foot and ankle deformities, pre-op templating, Patho-anatomy, post-operative rehab, gait, measurement of clinical angles of foot and ankle. A qualitative analysis of the data collected was performed. Data collected included target audience of the apps, patient and healthcare worker involvement and customer satisfaction reviews. The total number of applications and their availability in the UK were also noted RESULTS 35 individual foot and ankle themed applications were identified. 30 applications had customer satisfaction ratings, 11 applications were predominantly health-worker centric and 3 were patient centered. 23 applications had medical professional involvement in their development or content. CONCLUSIONS Lack of involvement of medical professionals and scientific validation is of major concern hence there should be Industry code of conduct for a balance for ensuring patient safety while supporting innovation in development. The benefits of applications are offset by the lack of Foot and ankle specification. There is relatively little medical professional involvement in their design. Increased regulation is required to improve accountability of application content