scholarly journals Development of professional behaviour with an additional experiential year in pharmacy curriculum: students’ and preceptors’ perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Jennifer Van ◽  
Hafasa Mojaddidi ◽  
Catherine Nang ◽  
Mauricio Ortega ◽  
Courtney Mac Donald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Professional Behaviour ◽  
Experiential Training ◽  
Professional Involvement ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Domain 3 ◽  
Pharmacy Curriculum

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine whether an additional year of experiential training fosters the development of professional behaviours in pharmacy students. Surveyed cohorts included experiential year one (EY1) and two (EY2) students, compared to their clinical preceptors. Methods: A validated survey instrument called APIPHANI was utilised to assess professionalism across five distinct domains that aligned with the American Pharmacists Association (AphA) toolkit. Data were analysed by a 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U test. Results: EY2 students exhibited non-statistically significant higher numerical scores than EY1 students in both Knowledge (domain 1) and Professional Involvement (domain 3), and nearly equivalent scores in Proactivity (domain 2) and Integrity (domain 5). Conclusions: These results suggest that an additional year of experiential training expands the knowledge with the EY2 students, moving closer towards the preceptors’ level of knowledge. Students harboured stronger community involvement than preceptors, with the highest reported by EY2 students.

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Presisi dan Akurasi Pemipetan Menggunakan Mikropipet Metode Forward

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Hendra Budi Sungkawa ◽  
Inten Ayu Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Service Unit ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

Abstract : Pipetting is one of the most important activities in health laboratory analysis. Knowledge of pipetting must be owned by every health laboratory. Students of health analyst as a candidate of health laboratory who will become medical support service unit is expected to be able to do the pipetting precision and accurately. To get a thorough and accurate results then the results of the analysis must be located within a specifc control area and both in precision and accuracy. Precision and accuracy are responsible for analytical interpretation of test results and testing procedures. The method use in this research is the forward method by 61 people research samples which determined by simple random sampling. While the research design used was observational analytics. Based on the results of the research obtained the level of knowledge of respondents research is 71,38; precision pipetting 99,69% and accuracy pipetting 99,58%. From the data that has been obtained then analyzed statistically using tau kendau test. The result indicates that the level of knowledge and precision has a p=0,640 and correlation coeffcient of -0,044 so that the Ho is accepted, meaning there is no relationship between the level of knowledge and precision meaningful. Meanwhile, the level of knowledge and accuracy of the p=0,574 and correlation coeffcient value is -0,053 so that Ho is accepted, it means there is no relationship between the level of knowledge with accuracy. Abstrak: Pemipetan merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang sangat penting dalam analisa laboratorium kesehatan. Pengetahuan pemipetan harus dimiliki oleh setiap tenaga laboratorium kesehatan. Mahasiswa analis kesehatan sebagai calon tenaga laboratorium kesehatan yang akan menjadi unit pelayanan penunjang medis diharapkan mampu melakukan pemipetan dengan teliti dan akurat. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang teliti dan akurat maka hasil analisa harus terletak di dalam daerah kontrol tertentu dan baik dalam presisi maupun akurasi. Presisi dan akurasi bertanggung jawab terhadap interpretasi analitik hasil pengujian serta prosedur pengujian. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode forward oleh sampel penelitian sebanyak 61 orang yang ditentukan secara simple random sampling. Sedangkan desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai tingkat pengetahuan responden penelitian adalah 71,38; presisi pemipetan 99,69% dan akurasi pemipetannya 99,58%. Dari data yang telah didapatkan kemudian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji kendal tau. Untuk tingkat pengetahuan dengan presisi didapatkan hasil nilai p=0,640 dan koefsien korelasi -0,044 sehingga Ho diterima, berarti tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan presisi. Untuk tingkat pengetahuan dengan akurasi nilai p=0,574 dan koefsien korelasi adalah -0,053 sehingga Ho diterima, berarti tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan akurasi.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU DAN DUKUNGAN SUAMI TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Eka Putri Primasari
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Low Rate

Abstract: Breast milk is the best food for babies, especially in the first month of life. Breast milk contains all nutrients to build and provide the energy needed by the baby. The low rate of breastfeeding is a threat to child development. Several factors related to the success of exclusive breastfeeding are the level of knowledge of the mother and husband's support. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge of mothers and husband's support  towards the success of exclusive breastfeeding in Lubuk Kilangan Puskesmas in 2017. This study was analytical with a cross sectional design. The population in this study amounted to 153 respondents. A sample of 31 respondents obtained by simple ramdom sampling. Data were analyzed bivariate. The statistical test results obtained p-value = 0,000. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between the knowledge of mothers about exclusive breastfeeding and husband's support for the success of exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Pelatihan Upaya Kesehatan Kerja Bagi Masyarakat Cipayung Kota Depok

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-610
Author(s):  
Azizah Musliha Fitri ◽  
Fajaria Nurcandra ◽  
Terry Yuliana Rahadian Pristya
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
The Village

An initial survey that had been done  found that the location of the settlement where residents of cipayung lived was very close to the location of the Cipayung Landfill. The unhealthy environment tended to cause disease and any other health problems, so that efforts needed to be made to overcome this, one effort that could be done is training on health . This counseling activity was attended by 21 residents living in the village of West Bulak which is the closest residential location to the Cipayung landfill site. Wilcoxon test results on the pre-test and post-test scores of participants showed a P- value of 0.001 which means that there were differences in the level of knowledge of the participants after attending counseling. The average value of pre-test and post-test had a difference of 34.5 shows that counseling that has been carried out is able to increase knowledge.

scholarly journals Development of Child Friendly Educative Game Model As Method to Prevent Violence Against Children in School

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Widowati ◽  
Rulita Hendriyani ◽  
Efa Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Child Friendly ◽  
Main Model

Cases of violence against children in the form of physical, psychological, or sexual violence has been increasing in Indonesia, particularly violence cases that occur at school. Teacher candidates’ level of knowledge on violence against children (bullying) at school was only in the “sufficient” category. In addition, nowadays, children games that contain local contents and values such as cooperation, sportsmanship, and companionship has been abandoned by children. This study aimed to produce a product from the development of child-friendly educative game model that promote prevention of violence against children, particularly at school. This study used Level 1 Research and Development (R & D) method because it only achieved the fourth stage, namely Main Model Revision. The produced “anti-violence against children snake and ladder game” was an educative game product from which children could learn about the value of anti-violence and anti-bullying in school through games. The snake and ladder game was accompanied by game instruction, picture concept, and message regarding implementation of anti-violence and anti-bullying efforts at school, which was adjusted for children. The resulting game product was designed to integrate all elements present in formal education on anti-violence and anti-bullying efforts. The average pretest results was 18 and the average post-test results was 45. It can be concluded that “anti-violence against children snake and ladder” game model could increase knowledge by 150%.

scholarly journals First aid awareness in the society

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Ewelina Krzyszkowska ◽  
Bartosz Wanot
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Public ◽  
Good Level ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Study Population ◽  
On Line ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Introduction: Every member of the society should possess first aid skills and knowledge thereof. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine public awareness of first aid, sudden cardiac arrest and the Automated External Defibrillator. Material and Methods: The study was conducted using an anonymous and voluntary on-line survey. The study population comprised of 250 subjects. The results were analysed using the t-Student test, F Test and Chi2 test. Results: The analysis of the study results showed that 164 respondents, who gave 9 to 11 correct answers, had a good level of knowledge. 80 respondents had the average level of knowledge, as shown by 6 to 8 correct answers. 6 respondents had insufficient level of knowledge, as they gave less than 6 correct answers to questions included in the survey. Conclusions: The principles and techniques on first aid are known to the public, as indicated by the fact that more than half of the respondents have a good level of knowledge.

TESTING AS A METHOD OF CONTROL AND ASSESSMENT OF THE FORMATION OF COMPETENCIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Belalov R.М.
Keyword(s):  
Educational Practice ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of

At the present stage, pedagogical tests are one of the most accessible and developed methods for assessing students' knowledge. Evaluation of the results of global research on testing problems showed that the developers of test items pay special attention to the form and their standardization, the processing of test results and the interpretation of the data obtained, methods of automatic test formation. The goal is to study the possibility of using testing to assess the formation of students' competencies. Materials and methods. Theoretical: a review of psychological and pedagogical literature on research issues, analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization. Results. Testing characterizes a number of properties, the main of which is the objectivity of the assessment of results, the definition of "gaps" in knowledge. The result of testing is obtaining objective information about the quality of knowledge and skills, determining the sections that are the worst learned by the students. All of the above makes it possible to adjust the course of training. Test control can be external, when the subjects are offered a dichotometric range, which contains both completed and unfulfilled tasks on a wide range of issues. During the testing process, students have the opportunity to independently identify gaps in their own knowledge. The study confirms the possibility of using testing in assessing the formation of students' competencies and ultimately provides an increase in the level of knowledge. Conclusion. At the present stage, the introduction of tests into educational practice is an inevitable process, therefore, efforts should be directed to the development of a theoretical platform for the testing system, which will entail an increase in the efficiency of using tests as a form of control.

scholarly journals Pharmacy Students’ Perception towards Clinical Pharmacognosy Course

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Nehad J. Ahmed ◽  
Abdulsalam Alonazi ◽  
Mehrukh Zehravi ◽  
Maged S. Abdel-Kader
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Pharmacy Curriculum

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify pharmacy student’s perception towards clinical pharmacognosy. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Al-Kharj. The survey contains 2 parts; the Level of the students and pharmacy students’ perception towards the clinical pharmacognosy course. The data were collected and analyzed using Excel software. Results: About 51.20 % of the students said that clinical pharmacognosy is an interesting subject. About 57.60% of them said that clinical pharmacognosy is an integral part of clinical pharmacy practice but only 28.80% of them agreed that clinical pharmacognosy should be a mandatory part of the pharmacy curriculum. Approximately 68.00% of the students agreed that clinical pharmacognosy provides sufficient knowledge about mechanisms of actions, indications, proper dosing and side effects of herbal drugs. Conclusion: It is concluded that pharmacy students showed positive perceptions towards the clinical pharmacognosy course. It is important to increase the awareness of pharmacy students about clinical pharmacognosy in order to prescribe herbal drugs correctly and to educate health care professionals and patients about the efficacy and safety of the herbal products.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Public Health in the Pharm Curriculum in the United Kingdom: Content Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chijioke Agomo ◽  
Jane Portlock ◽  
James Ogunleye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Pharmacy Curriculum

1) Public health remains a tiny portion of the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum and the material is integrated into other modules. The objective of this study is to describe the UK undergraduate pharmacy curriculum, including its public health content; 2) Methods: A qualitative method (content analysis of websites) was used to describe the UK undergraduate pharmacy curriculum and teaching and learning policy. This involved selecting relevant concepts and then quantifying their presence and the relationships between them. The NVivo software was used to carry out ‘group queries’ and visualisation of results; 3) Results: Public health remains an optional module in the curricula of many UK schools of pharmacy. Several public health-related topics are often integrated into other modules, but UK undergraduate pharmacy curricula are still dominated by traditional pharmacy modules; and 4) Conclusions: Most of the curricula analysed were dominated by traditional pharmacy modules designed to enhance students' knowledge and skills. The skill set of UK pharmacy students with respect to macro-level public health activities needs to be improved in order to enhance pharmacists’ contribution to public health.

scholarly journals PENGETAHUAN DAN PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK SECARA SWAMEDIKASI PADA MASYARAKAT DI KOTA MANADO

PHARMACON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Hendra Tandjung ◽  
Weny Indayany Wiyono ◽  
Deby Afriani Mpila
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
Care Costs

ABSTRACTAntibiotics are drugs to prevent and treat infections disease, the use of antibiotics must be in accordance with a doctor’s prescription therefore it is safe for patients. Improper use of antibiotics is often done in self-medication. Incorrect use of antibiotics will cause negative impacts, such as resistance to one or several antibiotics, increased drug side effect, expensive health care costs and even death. This research was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and behaviour of using antibiotics in the community in Manado City. This research is a prospective study using a descriptive – analytic research method that is observational to 323 respondents who fit the inclusion criteria. The results show that at the level of knowledge of the respondent’s antibiotics 25% falls in good category, 24% in enough, and less category 51%. At the level of antibiotics use, the percentage of respondent’s were in the categorized as good 25%, in enough 54%, and 21% in less. Spearman test results obtained a significant value of 0,000, the correlation coefficient value of 0,322, and the direction of the correlation is positive (+). This study shows a meaningful correlation between knowledge and use of antibiotics in the community of Manado City. Keyword  : Knowledge, Uses, Antibiotics, Self-Medicated, Resistance ABSTRAKAntibiotik merupakan obat untuk mencegah dan mengobati penyakit infeksi, penggunaanya harus sesuai dengan resep dokter supaya aman bagi pasien. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat sering dilakukan dalam swamedikasi. Penggunaan antibiotik yang salah akan menimbulkan dampak negatif, seperti terjadi resistensi terhadap satu atau beberapa antibiotik, meningkatnya efek samping obat, biaya pelayanan kesehatan yang mahal bahkan akan mengakibatkan meninggal dunia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku penggunaan antibiotik pada masyarakat di Kota Manado. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian prospektif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif - analitik yang bersifat observasional tehadap 323 responden yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada tingkat pengetahuan antibiotik responden yaitu kategori baik 25%, cukup 24% dan kurang 51%. Pada tingkat penggunaan antibiotik responden yaitu kategori baik 25%, cukup 54% dan kurang  21%. Hasil uji spearman didapatkan nilai signifikan 0,000, nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,322, dan arah korelasi yaitu positif (+). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan penggunaan antibiotik pada masyarakat di Kota Manado Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Penggunaan, Antibiotik, Swamedikasi, Resistensi

scholarly journals ANALISIS MANFAAT PENERAPAN PIJAT OKSITOSIN DAN EDUKASI DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA BAYI 0-6 BULAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Isti Harjanti ◽  
Nella Valen Ika Puspita
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Difference ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

ABSTRAK                                                                             Latar Belakang Analisis secara nasional dari Riskesdas 2013 dan Laporan rutin Direktorat Jendral Bina Gizi-KIA Kementrian Kesehatan Cakupan ASI Eksklusif saat ini belum bisa mencapai target pemerintah Indonesia yaitu sebesar 80%. Masalah hambatan dalam pencapaian ASI Eksklusif yaitu tingginya praktik pemberian makanan prelaktal ibu bekerja dan pemberian susu formula bayi, sehingga sangat sedikit bayi yang diberikan ASI eksklusif sampai 6 bulan.TujuanMenganalisis tingkat manfaat pijat, tingkat manfaat edukasi ASI Eksklusif, mendiskripsikan pemberian ASI eksklusif dan membedakan besarnya manfaat penerapan pijat oksitosin dengan edukasi ASI eksklusif pada ibu nifas yang menyusui eksklusif pada bayi di Kelurahan Karangayu Semarang.                                                  Metode       Penelitian ini merupakan jenis studi corelasional, yang menghubungkan variabel independent dengan variabel dependent yaitu edukasi ASI eksklusif dan pijat oksitosin dengan pelaksanaan pemberian ASI eksklusif dan pijat oksitosin yang benar. Sampel yang digunakan sebesar 40 ibu nifas dengan teknik sampling total sampling..                     Hasil Analisis tingkat manfaat pijat oksitosin pada ibu lebih meningkatkan ibu untuk melakukan pijat oksitosin sesuai anjuran sebanyak 50%-57,1%. Dengan hasil uji statistik ada perbedaan yang bermakna yaitu dengan hasil T-test 21,877 dan 7,804 dengan siknifikasnsi P< 0,000. Analisis tingkat manfaat edukasi ASI Eksklusif bahwa edukasi kurang meningkatkan keinginan ibu untuk menyusui eksklusif sebanyak 33,3%-50%. Analisis perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif didapatkan ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada ibu nifas yang tingkat pengetahuannya baik dan akan memberikan ASI secara ekskusif dengan hasil T-test 21,877 dan 3,199 dengan signifikansi P < 0,000. Diskripsikan pemberian ASI eksklusif masih tergolong rendah sebanyak 47,5%. Perbedaan besarnya manfaat penerapan pijat oksitosin dengan edukasi ASI eksklusif pada ibu nifas yang menyusui eksklusif pada bayi. ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada ibu nifas yang tingkat pengetahuannya baik dan akan memberikan ASI secara ekskusif dengan hasil T-test 21,877 dan 3,199 dengan signifikansi P < 0,000, dan hasil T-test 21,877 dan 5,339 dengan siknifikansi P < 0,000. Perbedaan yang dapat dilihat bahwa ibu nifas yang memberikan ASI Eksklusif cenderung melakukan pijat oksitosin untuk meningkatkan ASInya dibandingkan dengan ibu nifas yang tidak menyusui secara eksklusif mereka juga tidak melakukan pijat oksitosin dengan baik dan benar.Kesimpulan  Membedakan besarnya manfaat penerapan pijat oksitosin dengan edukasi ASI eksklusif pada ibu nifas yang menyusui eksklusif pada bayi didapatkan perbedaan  hasil T-test 21,877 dan 3,199 dengan signifikansi P < 0,000, dan ada perbedaan hasil T-test 21,877 dan 5,339 dengan siknifikansi P < 0,000. Hasil perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan ASI eksklusif dengan pemberian pijat oksitosin pada ibu nifas terjadi perbedaan yang bermakna yaitu dengan hasil T-test 21,877 dan 7,804 dengan siknifikasnsi P< 0,000. Kata Kunci : ASI Eksklusif, Edukasi, Pijat Oksitosin,Ibu Nifas.     ABSTRACT                                                               Background National analysis of the 2013 Riskesdas and KIA Ministry of Health's Directorate General of Nutrition Development, Exclusive of breastfeeding Coverage has not been able to achieve the Indonesian government's target of 80%. The problem of obstacles in achieving exclusive breastfeeding is the high practice of prelactal feeding of mothers working and the provision of infant formula milk, so that very few babies are given exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months.Purpose  Analyzing the benefits of massage, the level of benefits of exclusive breastfeeding education, describing exclusive breastfeeding and differentiating the benefits of applying oxytocin massage with exclusive breastfeeding education for postpartum mothers who exclusively breastfed infants in Karangayu SemarangMethod This study is a correlational study, which relates the independent variables to the dependent variable, namely exclusive breastfeeding education and oxytocin massage with the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding and correct oxytocin massage. The sample used was 40 postpartum mothers with total sampling technique.                  Result  Analysis of the level of benefits of oxytocin massage on the mother further increased the mother to do oxytocin massage according to the recommendation of 50% -57.1%. With the results of statistical tests there were significant differences with the results of the T-test of 21.877 and 7.804 with a P <0.000.   Analiasis of the level of benefits of exclusive breastfeeding education that education does not increase the desire of mothers to exclusively breastfeed as much as 33.3% -50%. Analysis of differences in the level of knowledge with exclusive breastfeeding found that there were significant differences in postpartum mothers whose level of knowledge was good and would give exclusive breastfeeding with the results of T-test of 21.877 and 3.199 with a significance of P <0.000.       The description of exclusive breastfeeding is still as low as 47.5%. The difference in the benefits of applying oxytocin massage with exclusive breastfeeding education for postpartum mothers who exclusively breastfed infants. there is a significant difference in postpartum mothers with good knowledge level and exclusive breastfeeding with T-test results of 21.877 and 3.199 with a significance of P <0.000, and T-test results of 21.877 and 5.339 with a significance of P <0.000.  The difference can be seen that postpartum mothers who provide exclusive breastfeeding tend to do oxytocin massage to increase their breast milk compared to postpartum women who do not exclusively breastfeed they also do not do oxytocin massage properly and correctly.                                  Conclusion Differentiating the magnitude of the benefits of applying oxytocin massage with exclusive breastfeeding education for postpartum mothers who exclusively breastfed infants found differences in T-test results of 21.877 and 3.199 with a significance of P <0.000, and there were differences in T-test results of 21.877 and 5.339 with a significance of P <0.000. The results of differences in the level of knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding with oxytocin massage on postpartum mothers had a significant difference, with T-test results of 21.877 and 7.804 with P <0.000.Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Education, Oxytocin Massage, Postpartum Mother

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document