MICRO- AND NANOELECTRONICS - 2021

The Book of Abstracts contains the abstracts of the papers presented at the biannual International Conference “Micro- and Nanoelectronics - 2021” (ICMNE-2021) including the extended Session “Quantum Informatics” (QI-2021). The Conference topics cover the most of the areas dedicated to the physics of integrated micro- and nanoelectronic devices and related micro- and nanotechnologies. The Conference is focused on recent progress in those areas. It continues the series of the AllRussian Conferences (since 1994) and the International Conferences (since 2003).

Thoughts on the application of quantum-based artificial intelligence for military purposes

In today's information-based society, computer technology is developing rapidly, and thus the speed of operations is increasing exponentially. Fast and dynamic information processing has become one of the basic needs of countries and their organizations. Furthermore, higher levels of info-communication technologies can also be detected. In the field of computing, quantum computers are becoming more and more popular, and their current development process is particularly intense, which in turn has triggered a kind of competition between the countries interested in the subject. The estimated future usability of quantum computers for humans is currently being outlined. Regarding to the new computing capabilities, quantum informatics is closely related to artificial intelligence and military forces can gain unprecedented information superiority through the development.

QUANTUM INFORMATICS: OVERVIEW OF THE MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS

The urgency of conducting research in the field of quantum informatics is grounded. Promising areas of research are highlighted. For foreign and Russian publications and materials, a review of the main scientific results that characterize the current state of research in quantum computer science is made. It is noted that knowledge and funds are invested most intensively in the development of the architecture of a quantum computer and its elements. Despite the fact that today there is no information on the creation of a physical implementation of a quantum computer comparable in functionality to a classical digital computer, the development of quantum algorithms is one of the popular areas of research. An advantage of quantum algorithms is the fact that they reduce the time required to solve the problem due to the parallelization of operations by generating entangled quantum states and their subsequent use. This advantage (quantum acceleration) is most important when solving the problem of modeling the dynamics of complex systems and enumerated mathematical problems. (The general case of enumeration is the Grover scheme and its variants; the tasks of searching for hidden periods: Shor's scheme of using the fast quantum Fourier transform and its analogues.) The demand for cybersecurity developments (search for vulnerabilities in smart spaces, secure storage and use of big data, quantum cryptography) is noted. More than a dozen articles are devoted to quantum algorithms of key search, key distribution on optical fibers of various lengths, and the analysis of quantum resources necessary for conducting a cyber attack. In the field of artificial quantum intelligence, attention is paid, first of all, to the “search” for a model of a quantum neural network that is optimal from the point of view of using all the advantages presented by quantum computing and neural networks, as well as machine learning algorithms. Examples of the use of quantum computing in cognitive and social sciences for studying the decision-making mechanism with incomplete data are given. It is concluded that quantum informatics is promising for the simulation of complex natural and artificial phenomena and processes.

Structural Connections between Long Genetic and Literary Texts

Impressing discoveries in the field of the genetic code have been described by its researchers by means of the terminology borrowed from linguistics and the theory of communications. Leading experts on structural linguistics believe for a long time already that languages of human dialogue were formed not from an empty place, but they are continuation of genetic language or, anyhow, are closely connected with it, confirming the idea of information commonality of organisms. The aticle continues the theme about a connection of linquistic languages with the genetic language. It describes results of comparative study of long Russian literary texts (novels by L.Tolstoy, F.Dostoevsky, A.Pushkin, etc.) and long sequences of hydrogen bonds in double helixes of DNA of different organisms. Formalisms of quantum informatics are used in modeling some of these results taking into account thoughts of many researches about possible using principles of quantum informatics in organisation of living bodies.

Спин-зависимые колебательные спектры эндоэдрального металлофуллерена Gd@C-=SUB=-60-=/SUB=-

We perform quantum chemical calculations of structures and IR spectra for endofullerene Gd@C60 in different spin states. It was found that the IR spectrum of endofullerenes Gd@C60 contains many lines in the range of 10-1540 cm−1. The frequencies and intensities of the IR lines of Gd@C60 depend on the spin state and molecular symmetry of the endofullerene. The frequencies of the coupled “metal-cage’’ vibrations lie in the range of 10¬–160 cm−1 and change significantly when the spin state changes. The spin dependence of the vibrational spectra opens up opportunities for monitoring the spin state of endofullerene by measuring the IR line frequencies, which is important for nanoelectronics and quantum Informatics

Quantum Computing and Quantum Communication

This chapter presents state-of-the-art and future perspectives of quantum computing and communication. Timeline of relevant findings in quantum informatics, such as quantum algorithms, quantum cryptography protocols, and quantum computing models, is summarized. Mathematics of information representation with quantum states is presented. The quantum circuit and adiabatic models of quantum computation are outlined. The functionality, limitations, and security of the quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol is presented. Current implementations of quantum computers and principles of quantum programming are shortly described.