All-Russian Seminar on the Study of the Structure of Liquids and Solutions (In Memory of O.Ya. Samoilov)

This publication is dedicated to the memory of Oleg Yakovlevich Samoilov, who passed away in June 1980. Having entered the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences after the university bench in 1942, Oleg Yakovlevich worked his way up from a junior researcher to the head of a laboratory, having defended his candidate and at the age of 37 his doctoral dissertation and soon received the academic title of professor. His area of interest was the nature of the liquid state, and in this area he opened the way to new views on the structure of liquids and the nature of the thermal motion of their particles, reflected in the monograph "The structure of aqueous solutions of electrolytes and hydration of ions", immediately translated abroad to major foreign languages, and at the seminar organized by him at the Institute for the Study of the Structure of Liquids and Solutions, which he directed from 1962 to the last days of his life, and which continues to exist to this day. The entire content of the seminar is reflected in this publication.

About brownian movement in liquids

It has been shown that Brownian movement in water occurs as a result of elastic collisions of ice nanocrystals with Brownian particles. Water consists of 87 % of ice nanocrystals and 13 % of water molecules. At 300 K, the ice nanocrystal in water on average consists of 24 water molecules. Brownian movement is an experimental confirmation of the nanocrystalline structure of liquids. This concept of liquids is of great importance for the theory of crystallization and modification of alloys. In metallic liquids, Brownian motion refers to microscopic non-metallic particles and intermetallides that have densities comparable to melt densities. In liquid aluminum alloys, Brownian particles are microscopic alumina particles that remain in the castings when they solidify.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ІОННИХ РІДИН В ЕЛЕКТРОХІМІЇ

Summarize information about the relationship between the ionic liquids structure and their electrochemical properties, expand the possibilities of ionic liquids using for electrochemical processes. Analytical methods for comparing the features of the different composition ionic liquids structure, the influence of the chemical structure of liquids on their properties and their further application. The carried out researches have allowed to generalize a complex of ionic liquids properties which expand possibilities of various electrochemical processes and devices functioning. The existence of a relationship between the ionic liquids structure and their properties makes it possible to selectively target the optimal ionic liquid with certain properties. Based on the study of the ionic liquids properties dependence on their structure, possible directions for the ionic liquids rational choice, their subsequent modification, optimization of the electrochemical processes conditions using ionic liquids are indicated. The factors necessary for the improvement and expansion of electrochemical research methods using ionic liquids are generalized, their advantages and disadvantages, perspectives for the ionic liquids synthesis with certain properties are shown.

Consideration on amorphic metals

Generally, following the rapid cooling of a molten metal, it reaches amorphous state, which is characterized by a disordered particle distribution. The structure of liquids is described by quasicrystalline theory. It considers that in a chemically and topographically restricted area, an amorphous metal is characterized by an ordered arrangement of the molten metal particles and is called a cluster (local order domain). Those alloys that have the high capacity to become amorphous, according to the positional criteria of the components in the periodic table of the elements, are analyzed.