Safe Distance Mathematical Calculation and Quantitative Analysis on Covid-19 Using Einstein Equation and Gaussian Distribution

Most of the diseases caused by virus mainly spread through droplets in the air. The pathogen bearing droplets go deep into people’s lungs and cause infection. In this paper, we analyze the safe distance, the minimum range to keep droplets containing virus particles from entering lungs, and thereby carrying the virus inside the lung. Einstein equation for diffusivity of a particle and the wide of the Gaussian distribution of the particles in Brownian movement are used in the calculation of the range a virus-containing mucosal vary droplet can reach. Moreover, we used datas recorded in a previous paper named “Visualization of sneeze ejecta: steps of fluid fragmentation leading to respiratory droplets” by B. E. Scharfman et. all to generate our results.

NANOBOTS: APPLICATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL

– The utilization of nanotechnology with the new electronic materials prompted the advancement of nanorobots. Nanorobots in the nano scale locale are equipped for entering the phone for conclusion, treatment and medical procedure. Because of its wide reach of uses, nanorobots are planned with explicit materials furthermore, plan innovations. Since the biocompatible materials are utilized in the plan of nanorobots, they are synthetically dormant and the issue of poisonousness is stayed away from. The nano scale size permits the designated conveyance of medications to the particular location without influenced the ordinary encompassing cells. Nanorobots have the ability to move uninhibitedly in the circulation system because of the Brownian movement. This paper plainly clarifies the different biomedical utilizations of the nanorobots

Harmonic oscillator Brownian motion: Langevin approach revisited

The original strategy applied by Langevin to Brownian movement problem is used to solve the case of a free particle under a harmonic potential. Such straightforward strategy consists in separating the noise termin the Langevin equation in order to solve a deterministic equation associated with the Mean Square Displacement (MSD). In this work, to achieve our goal we first calculate the variance for the stochastic harmonic oscillator and then the MSD appears immediately. We study the problem in the damped and lightly damped cases and show that, for times greater than the relaxation time, Langevin's original strategy is quite consistent with the exact theoretical solutions reported by Chandrasekhar and Lemons, these latter obtained using the statistical properties of a Gaussian white noise. Our results for the MSDs are compared with the exact theoretical solutions as well as with the numerical simulation.

About brownian movement in liquids

It has been shown that Brownian movement in water occurs as a result of elastic collisions of ice nanocrystals with Brownian particles. Water consists of 87 % of ice nanocrystals and 13 % of water molecules. At 300 K, the ice nanocrystal in water on average consists of 24 water molecules. Brownian movement is an experimental confirmation of the nanocrystalline structure of liquids. This concept of liquids is of great importance for the theory of crystallization and modification of alloys. In metallic liquids, Brownian motion refers to microscopic non-metallic particles and intermetallides that have densities comparable to melt densities. In liquid aluminum alloys, Brownian particles are microscopic alumina particles that remain in the castings when they solidify.

Newtonian heat and mass conditions impact in thermally radiated Maxwell nanofluid Darcy–Forchheimer flow with heat generation

Purpose This paper aims to elaborate the characteristics of magneto-Maxwell nanoliquid toward moving radiated surface. Flow analysis subject to Darcy–Forchheimer concept is studied. Newtonian heat/mass conditions and heat source aspects are taken into account for modeling. Apposite transformations are introduced for non-dimensionalization process. Design/methodology/approach Optimal homotopy analysis method is implemented to compute convergent solutions of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Findings Temperature field increments when thermophoresis, heat generation and Brownian movement parameters are increased, whereas reverse situation is noticed for larger Prandtl number. The results also witness that concentration distribution has opposite characteristics for larger thermophoresis and Brownian movement parameters. Furthermore, the presented analysis reduces to traditional Darcy relation in the absence of local inertia coefficient. Originality/value As per the authors’ knowledge, no such analysis has been yet reported.

Tidal drift removes the need for area-restricted search in foraging Atlantic puffins

Understanding how animals forage is a central objective in ecology. Theory suggests that where food is uniformly distributed, Brownian movement ensures the maximum prey encounter rate, but when prey is patchy, the optimal strategy resembles a Lévy walk where area-restricted search (ARS) is interspersed with commuting between prey patches. Such movement appears ubiquitous in high trophic-level marine predators. Here, we report foraging and diving behaviour in a seabird with a high cost of flight, the Atlantic puffin ( Fratercula arctica ), and report a clear lack of Brownian or Levy flight and associated ARS. Instead, puffins foraged using tides to transport them through their feeding grounds. Energetic models suggest the cost of foraging trips using the drift strategy is 28–46% less than flying between patches. We suggest such alternative movement strategies are habitat-specific, but likely to be far more widespread than currently thought.