Form design in interface of display and control system based on visual search

To explore the design pattern and guidelines for the forms displayed on the interfaces, we studied the factors of form design from the perspective of ergonomics. These factors include orientation (horizontal, vertical), color grouping and color combination. In combination with the analysis and conclusion of the experimental data, we proposed some design guidelines for human-computer interface that has many forms, such as weapon command and control system. A visual searching program was designed to simulate the display interface. Reaction time and accuracy are recorded by orthogonal experiment. Analyses such as double factor variance analysis, simple main effect are conducted on the experimental data. The following conclusions are obtained: two-color form has a faster reaction time than single color form; reaction time of the horizontal form is shorter than the vertical form. Color combination has significant influence on accuracy, and the blue-green is suiTable for form design; color grouping has significant influence on reaction time and accuracy; the interaction of color grouping and color combination shows significant differences. When designing forms in display interface, we should choose the horizontal layout with sparse coloring density as much as possible, and the effect of color combination on the recognition efficiency should be considered.

The implication of the lexicon contrastive analysis of colors in Persian & English in perception and translation of colors

Color is all around but it is not everywhere treated in the same way. The terms people use to describe colors give another means of exploring the relationship between different languages and cultures. One field we can see the manifestation of this relationship is translation because we sometimes cannot directly translate color words from one language to another without introducing subtle changes in meaning, or the perception of the same colors in different languages may be different due to different cultures (Wardhaugh, 2006). This study aims at investigating the contrastive comparison of color lexicons- in terms of number and variety as well as their perception- in Persian and English and its effect on translation; moreover, by utilizing this cross-cultural study of color perception, want to investigate whether or not this research is in harmony with previous research –specifically the Weak Version of Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis advocating that language influences perception. The findings of this study are the result of a long process of investigating many English and Persian dictionaries, art and graphic books, personal interviews with artists, and some tasks for translators and even native speakers of both languages. After finding the specific types and lexicons of colors, we found some colors with no equivalent in the other language. Therefore, those color terms were the stimulus for our tasks. We provided some tasks and asked 50 English-Persian translators who were Persian native speakers and 50 English native speakers (Because of the limitation of access to English-Persian translators who are also English native speakers) for their perception of those colors in order to find out how perception of the colors with no equivalent in the native language would affect the translation. Results revealed that 98% of translators had difficulty perceiving and translating the two different color lexicons for which Persian had no equivalent, and 99% of translators had difficulty translating 15 different color lexicons, which were chosen among 32 color lexicons of Persian with no English equivalent. Similarly, 97% of English native speakers had difficulty perceiving the translated Persian color lexicons to English, for which they had no certain equivalent. Having compared the results of data collection in Persian and English, the researchers found that there are statistically significant similarities and differences between Persian and English color terms. Comparing the results revealed that the two languages are similar in the number of basic colors; however, color types are more various in Persian while there are more terms for one single color in English; therefore, the marked similarity of color grouping in Persian and English suggests some evidence that color grouping is universal and is inconsistent with the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis. However, part of the results, which shows differences in the perception of colors in two languages, is consistent with the Weak Version of Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis. Consequently, as an implication of the study in EFL/ESL and translation, the study provides some evidence which could be a source in translation of color terms in Persian and English.

Isolation and Antibacterial Activities of Actinomycetes from Rhizosphere Plant Cane (Saccharum officinarum) on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

The phenomenon of increasing human bacterial infections and increased resistance to antibiotics encourages the exploration of more antibiotic producers. One source of antibiotics comes from the Actinomycetes bacteria, the source of isolation comes from the rhizosphere of sugarcane plants because it is known in the rhizosphere to produce exudates that are beneficial to bacteria. The purpose of this study was to obtain Actinomycetes isolates and determine the antibacterial abilities of selected isolates. Initial isolation was carried out using Starch Casein Agar (ScA) media, then color grouping, Gram test and cell morphology observation. The next stage is testing the antibacterial activity carried out using the well method. Data obtained in the form of basic characters Actinomycetes, inhibition zone diameter and antibacterial activity count. The results showed that 4 isolates had antibacterial ability against test bacteria, among others, ACB34a isolates, ACB44c isolates, ACB44c isolates and ACB55c isolates. Based on the results of measurement and calculation of antibacterial activity against E. coli, it can be known in succession, among others, ACB44c isolates (9.62 mm2 / 10µl) and ACB54c (0.38 mm2 / 10µl), then antibacterial activity against S. aureus. among others, ACB44c (27.33 mm2 / 10µl), ACB54c (26.41 mm2 / 10µl), ACB55c (8.04 mm2 / 10µl), and ACB34a (8.04 mm2 / 10µl).

Using Maps to Display Geographic Risk, Personal Health Data, and Ownership

Fundamental structural features of risk maps influence how health risk and burden information is understood. The mapping of health data by medical geographers in the 1800s has evolved into the field of geovisualization and the use of online, geographic information system (GIS) interactive maps. Thematic (statistical) map types provide basic principles for mapping geographic health data. It is important to match the nature of statistical data with map type to minimize the potential for communicating misleading messages. Strategic use of structural map features can facilitate or hinder accurate comprehension of health risk messages in maps. A key challenge remains in designing maps to communicate a clear message given the complexity of modern health risk burdens. Various structural map features such as symbols, color, grouping of statistical data, scale, and legend must be considered for their impact on accurate comprehension and message clarity. Cognitive theory in relationship to map comprehension plays a role, as do insights from research on visualizing uncertainty, future trends in developing predictive mapping tools for public health planning, the use of geo-social and “big data,” as well as data ownership.