scholarly journals The implication of the lexicon contrastive analysis of colors in Persian & English in perception and translation of colors

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Hamideh Sadat Bagherzadeh ◽  
Aqil Izadysadr
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Relativity ◽  
Weak Version ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Color Terms ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Color Grouping ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

Color is all around but it is not everywhere treated in the same way. The terms people use to describe colors give another means of exploring the relationship between different languages and cultures. One field we can see the manifestation of this relationship is translation because we sometimes cannot directly translate color words from one language to another without introducing subtle changes in meaning, or the perception of the same colors in different languages may be different due to different cultures (Wardhaugh, 2006). This study aims at investigating the contrastive comparison of color lexicons- in terms of number and variety as well as their perception- in Persian and English and its effect on translation; moreover, by utilizing this cross-cultural study of color perception, want to investigate whether or not this research is in harmony with previous research –specifically the Weak Version of Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis advocating that language influences perception. The findings of this study are the result of a long process of investigating many English and Persian dictionaries, art and graphic books, personal interviews with artists, and some tasks for translators and even native speakers of both languages. After finding the specific types and lexicons of colors, we found some colors with no equivalent in the other language. Therefore, those color terms were the stimulus for our tasks. We provided some tasks and asked 50 English-Persian translators who were Persian native speakers and 50 English native speakers (Because of the limitation of access to English-Persian translators who are also English native speakers) for their perception of those colors in order to find out how perception of the colors with no equivalent in the native language would affect the translation. Results revealed that 98% of translators had difficulty perceiving and translating the two different color lexicons for which Persian had no equivalent, and 99% of translators had difficulty translating 15 different color lexicons, which were chosen among 32 color lexicons of Persian with no English equivalent. Similarly, 97% of English native speakers had difficulty perceiving the translated Persian color lexicons to English, for which they had no certain equivalent.  Having compared the results of data collection in Persian and English, the researchers found that there are statistically significant similarities and differences between Persian and English color terms. Comparing the results revealed that the two languages are similar in the number of basic colors; however, color types are more various in Persian while there are more terms for one single color in English; therefore, the marked similarity of color grouping in Persian and English suggests some evidence that color grouping is universal and is inconsistent with the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis. However, part of the results, which shows differences in the perception of colors in two languages, is consistent with the Weak Version of Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis. Consequently, as an implication of the study in EFL/ESL and translation, the study provides some evidence which could be a source in translation of color terms in Persian and English.

scholarly journals Dependency Between Grammatical Structure of Language and Verbal Thinking Strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Savitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Grammatical Subject ◽  
Thinking Strategies ◽  
Historic Development ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Verbal Thinking

The article contains a discussion of how the grammatical structure of a language determines sentence structure and affects verbal thinking strategy. The stages of languages’ historic development (incorporative, ergative, nominative) and the relationship between sentence structure and native speakers’ thinking are characterized. The common case of the grammatical subject of a sentence does mean that Anglo-Saxons regard themselves as their own fortune’s active makers and masters. The common case equally expresses success and failure, activity and passivity, self-will and conformity. Nowadays, languages of all the three types coexist on the Globe. The languages of the first two types are used not only by primitive peoples but also by civilized nations. But this does not mean that civilized speakers think archaically. Methods and conclusions. Contrastive analysis of language material (English personal and Russian impersonal morphosyntactic constructions) enables the author to conclude: there is no direct correlation between national character and sentence structure. The connection between thinking and grammar does not consist in this; it consists in the choice of thinking strategies based on the grammatical potential of the language under discussion.

scholarly journals Morality as a predictor of loneliness: a cross-cultural study

Curationis ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jordaan ◽  
A. Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

Loneliness is currently regarded as one of the most common and prevalent problems experienced by adolescents, and it is also observed as a painful, unpleasant and negative experience. South African adolescents also have to face and cope with this predicament daily. The main objective of this study was to establish the perception of adolescents of different cultures regarding loneliness and morality and to investigate the relationship between them. It was also determined which of the independent variables, namely morality, gender, age, mother tongue and ethnicity, contributed significantly to the prediction of loneliness. A total of 714 adolescents from three different secondary schools in the greater Bloemfontein area between the ages of 13 and 17 were selected. Adolescents were used because they are increasingly being confronted with moral issues and because loneliness occurs more commonly during adolescence. The focus was on three ethnic groups, namely Coloured, black and white. Three different questionnaires, namely the Le Roux Loneliness Scale, the Morally Debatable Behaviours Scale and a biographical questionnaire were completed to obtain the necessary data.

A cross-generational and cross-cultural study on demonstration of attentiveness

Pragmatics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeko Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

This paper looks into whether there are any differences in demonstration of attentiveness between different generations and different cultures. By attentiveness I mean a demonstrator’s preemptive response to a beneficiary’s verbal/non-verbal cues or situations surrounding a beneficiary and a demonstrator, which takes the form of offering. When and how often one would demonstrate attentiveness may vary according to such factors as generation and culture. Three groups of people from different generations and different cultural backgrounds (Japanese and Americans) served as the participants (280 people for the questionnaire data and 18 people for the interview data). It was investigated whether there were any differences among the participants in demonstration of attentiveness, in the reasons for demonstration of attentiveness, and in rating degree of imposition to demonstrate attentiveness. It was also examined whether there was any relationship between degree of imposition to demonstrate attentiveness and demonstration of attentiveness; and in which relationship (the relationship between a demonstrator and a beneficiary of attentiveness varied from very familiar to not very familiar at all) attentiveness was demonstrated. The data were collected using a questionnaire with six situations, based on field notes; and the interviews were conducted using the same six situations. The results show that in most situations there were no major differences among the participants in the choice of demonstration of attentiveness and the reasons for it. The participants chose to demonstrate attentiveness in four situations in the questionnaire, because they wanted to be of help to the other party. There was a relationship between degree of imposition to demonstrate attentiveness and demonstration of attentiveness in four situations. Overall, the interview data confirmed the questionnaire data.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONTRASTIF PANDANGAN MAHASISWA PENUTUR BAHASA INDONESIA DAN MAHASISWA PENUTUR BAHASA JEPANG TERHADAP PRIVASI DALAM KOMUNIKASI: SEBUAH TINJAUAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Sonda Sanjaya ◽  
Yuriko Ando
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Perbedaan pandangan di antara mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia dan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang terhadap privasi dalam komunikasi memungkinkan menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan dalam proses berkomunikasi dan mengundang kesalahpahaman. Guna mengurangi gangguan komunikasi dan kesalahpamahan, maka kajian penelitian mengenai privasi dalam komunikasi sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini mengkaji persamaan dan perbedaan ranah privasi mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia dan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang, siapa saja yang boleh dan tidak boleh mengetahui privasi penutur, dan bagaimana respons penutur terhadap mitra tutur yang membahas topik pembicaraan yang berkaitan dengan privasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik survey dengan mendistribusi kuesioner kepada 127 responden di Indonesia dan 107 responden di Jepang. Responden di Indonesia adalah mahasiswa penutur asli bahasa Indonesia dan responden di Jepang adalah mahasiswa mahasiswa penutur asli bahasa Jepang di Jepang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia lebih terbuka terhadap privasi dibandingkan dengan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang. Kemudian, mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang membicarakan privasi terhadap mitra tutur sembari mempertimbangkan apakah penutur dan mitra tutur memiliki hubungan kepercayaan atau tidak. Sedangkan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia memutuskan akan membicarakan hal yang berkaitan dengan privasi atau tidak dengan mitra tutur setelah memastikan apakah ada hubungan kepercayaan atau tidak.  The different perspectives on privacy between college students who speak Indonesian and those who speak Japanese as their native language may create some misunderstandings when they interact with each other. To avoid such misunderstandings, more studies on privacy in communication are needed. Meanwhile studies on the field are still scarce. Therefore, to fill the gap, this study aims at finding out the similarities and differences on topics that are considered as privacy by students who speak Indonesian language and Japanese language. Additionally, this study also revealed to which interlocutors they may be comfortable to open up talking about topics considered as their privacy and how they respond towards interlocutors who bring up such topics. To collect the data, a questionnaire on privacy was distributed to 127 participants in Indonesia and 107 participants in Japan. Respondents from both countries were college students who were native speakers of the language spoken in their countries, Japan and Indonesia. The data collected then were analyzed by employing contrastive analysis. The study indicated that Indonesian students were more open in comparison to Japanese students as indicated by the breadth of their preferred conversation topics with strangers. Additionally, when opening up to topics considered as private topics, Japanese students were simultaneously evaluating whether they had trusted relationship with the interlocutors throughout the interaction. On the other hand, instead of simultaneously evaluating the relationship, Indonesian students tended to decide whether they had the trusted relationship first before they proceeded to opening up about their privacy with their interlocutors.

International Trade and Protection of the Environment: The Continuing Search for Reconciliation

1997 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Schoenbaum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

Before 1991, the relationship between the protection of the environment and international trade was an arcane specialty that attracted little attention. In 1971 the GATT Council established a Working Group on Environmental Measures and International Trade. This group did not even meet for over twenty years.Everything changed with the decision in the Tuna/Dolphin I case, in which a GATT dispute resolution panel declared a United States embargo on tuna caught by fishing methods causing high dolphin mortality to be illegal. The Tuna/Dolphin I decision produced an explosion of rhetoric in both learned journals and the popular press. It was also a very interesting clash of very different “cultures,” trade specialists versus environmentalists. At die outset, neither group knew much about the other. Now, however, the legal and political issues have been identified and ventilated, mutual understanding has increased, and the process has begun to reconcile two values that are absolutely essential to the well-being of mankind: protection of the environment and international free trade.

Mediating Effect of WhatsApp Addiction Between Social Loneliness and Preference for Online Social Interaction: A Cross-cultural Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092110556
Author(s):  
Komal Nagar ◽  
Gurmeet Singh ◽  
Rabinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Online Social Interaction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Social Loneliness

The present study aims to explore the relationship between social loneliness and online interaction through WhatsApp addiction among a sample of Indian and Fijian respondents. Based on the responses of 202 Indian and 73 Fijian respondents, the present research study validated the mediating role of WhatsApp addiction, revealing that social loneliness increased the possibility of preferring to interact online through increased WhatsApp addiction. The empirical results showed that the underlying mechanism of social loneliness might indirectly influence consumers’ preference for online social interaction (POSI). The study further assessed the moderating role of culture in the association between social loneliness and POSI. Findings of the moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that, the association between loneliness and preference to socialize online differed, based on the identified cultural differences between Indian and Fijian groups.

Cinematic Entertainment

2021 ◽  
pp. 557-582
Author(s):  
Maite Soto-Sanfiel
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Uses And Gratifications ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Despite claims that “cinema is dead” or that it only interests nostalgic old-timers, statistics indicate a global increase in theater attendance. Not only is moviegoing still one of the favorite forms of entertainment, but it especially appeals to young people. Moreover, communication research seems to have neglected cinema, but the relationship between modern-day teenagers and the silver screen needs to be observed. This chapter reports the results of a cross-cultural study based on the uses and gratifications paradigm with youngsters from eight European countries. It presents their cinematographic uses and consumption, their motivations for going to the movies, and their preferences and conceptions regarding different movie traditions. The study also performs cross-cultural contrasts to reveal more about the impact of regional, national, and global forces on the psychological relationship between today’s teenagers and cinema.

Cultural differences in gift recipients’ attitude and behavior toward disliked gifts

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theeranuch Pusaksrikit ◽  
Sydney Chinchanachokchai
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Marketing Segmentation ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of cultural differences and the types of relationship closeness involved in recipients’ emotional and behavioral reactions after receiving disliked gifts. Design/methodology/approach Collecting data from Thailand and the USA, two experiments were conducted in a 2 (self-construal: independent/interdependent) × 2 (relationship closeness: close/distant) between-subjects design. Study 1 explores the recipients’ feelings and reactions upon receipt of a disliked gift. Study 2 explores the disposition process for a disliked gift. Findings The results show that a recipient’s emotions, reaction and disposition process can be affected by cultural differences and relationship closeness: specifically that close and distant relationships moderate the relationship between self-construal and gift-receiving attitudes and behaviors. Research limitations/implications Future research can investigate representative groups from other countries to broaden the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications This understanding can guide gift-givers when selecting gifts for close or distant recipients across cultures. Additionally, it can help retailers develop and introduce new marketing strategies by applying self-construal as a marketing segmentation tool for gift purchase and disposition. Originality/value This research is among the first studies to offer insights into how individuals in different cultures manage disliked gifts they receive from people in either close or distant relationships.

Science communication in the international auxiliary language Esperanto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Science Outreach ◽  
National Languages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Country

<p>First published in 1887 by Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof, Esperanto is the most successful constructed language, with speakers all around the globe and even native speakers.</p> <p>The relationship between Esperanto and science starts very early: the scientific journal <em>Internacia Scienca Revuo</em> was created in 1904 and the International Esperantist Science Association (ISAE) was founded in 1907 (Wera Blanke, <em>Scienca Revuo</em> 206, 2006). Many publications and books about scientific topics have since been written or translated in Esperanto. </p> <p>Esperanto has initially been envisioned as a lingua franca to be used in international communication, both in general and for scientific purposes. While English has since taken this role, there is still a desire to maintain and develop the scientific culture and the related terminology in Esperanto. Science outreach is one way to achieve this goal, and new projects have appeared in the last few years.</p> <p>Esperanto represents an interesting challenge for outreach : being a more neutral language, not related to a specific country or ethnic group, the community of speakers (albeit small) is by essence more international and more diverse than in national languages. This is an opportunity, but also comes with some difficulties.</p> <p>In this work, I’ll discuss the advantages and obstacles of communicating science in Esperanto. I’ll present various projects of science communication in Esperanto, with a focus on my personal experience with my YouTube channel <em>D-ro Loĉjo</em>, where I do videos about science and in particular about planetary science.</p>

Alcohol norms and their enforcement: an assessment from a socio-legal perspective

2010 ◽  
pp. 92-112
Author(s):  
Franco Prina
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Process ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Protection Time ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

The socio-legal perspective on the alcohol legislation, including the norms concerned with the relationship between individuals and alcoholic drinks, helps answering some essentials questions: what was/is the "social construction" of the alcohol problem in different eras and different cultures and, consequently, which objectives are deemed to be worthy of pursuit through the creation or amendment of legislation? Which social actors have the ability, in a given period of time, to inscribe the relevance of innovative alcohol legislation on the political agenda and what kind of dialectic is used among those who champion points of view, competences and above all, different interests? Which interests and values would appear to meet with legislatory protection time after time? What tools, of the ample range available, are chosen to achieve the aims set out? To what extent is legislation implemented (or not implemented), and why? Which aspects of the implementation process prove to be most significant, i.e. define the actual content of the legislation "in force", and are therefore tangibly experienced by the law's end target? How much of an impact does legislation have on behavior which is subject to regulation or on problems which stem from such behavior?

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