Active Rules in a Graph Database Environment

With the rapid growth of data nowadays, new types of database systems are emerging in order to handle big data, known as NoSQL databases. One type of NoSQL databases is graph database, which uses the graph model to present data and the relationships among data. Existing graph database systems are passive compared to traditional relational database systems that allow automatic event handling through active rules. This paper describes our approach of incorporating active rules into graph databases, allowing users to specify business logic in a declarative manner. The active system has been built on top of a passive graph database to react to events automatically. Our focus is to specify business rules declaratively rather than enforce integrity constraint using rules. Our system consists of a language framework and an execution model. Language specification will further be illustrated by on a motivating example that shows the use of rules in an application context. The paper also describes the design and implementation of the execution model in detail.

Specific Features of Water Quality Regulation In Process of its Selective Abstraction from Reservoirs

Issues of effectiveness enhancement of the water selective intake for solution of drinking water supply problems with the Perm Chusovaya water intake as a study case have been discussed. Abstraction of water with the best consumption properties is of significant interest in the case of stable vertical water mass stratification. If water with the required properties locates in the upper layers establishment of bottom barriers around water intake head walls to cut off water intake from near-bottom layers is the most effective tool. At this the barrier parameters are to be determined by both the taken water volume and the height of the “discontinuous jump layer” position that define the water mass boundary. The barrier parameters are to be in accordance with the currently active Rules of Reservoirs Exploitation. Field and computation experiments have been carried out to elaborate the technique of stable intake of water with the required consumption properties. A series of computation experiments on impact of water intake amount on the taken water quality has been carried out in 3D with ANSYS Fluent package of computation hydrodynamics. The task was solved within the frameworks of non-stationary isothermal approach. Conclusions concerning both water quality enhancements in the conditions of significant chemical/physical properties’ heterogeneity by depth and provision of effective and stable operation of selective water intake have been obtained.

MACROECONOMIC (IN)STABILITY OF INTEREST RATE RULES IN A MODEL WITH BANKING SYSTEM AND RESERVE MARKETS

This paper develops a general equilibrium model with a banking system and a reserves market and shows that (i) the macroeconomic stabilizing properties of the nominal interest rate rules change quite substantially when we move from a model without a banking system to one with a banking system and a reserves market; (ii) the interplay between fiscal and monetary policies, in particular inflation-indexed versus non-indexed bonds, is crucial in determining the macroeconomic stabilizing properties of monetary rules; (iii) active rules and passive rules perform equally in regard to their macroeconomic stabilizing properties; (iv) continuous- and discrete-time specifications deliver the same/different (in)determinacy results for both the labor-only model and the endogenous-capital model under forward-looking/current-looking rules; (v) the inclusion of physical investment narrows the indeterminacy region under forward-looking rules; and (vi) current-looking rules make equilibrium determinacy impossible for both the labor-only economy and the endogenous-capital economy. Economic intuitions are provided.

The justice, the glycosylated haemoglobin and the government of appropriateness

BACKGROUND The misappropriateness is one of the principal critical situations in the Laboratory Medicine by an estimation of about 30-40% of all demands. It results in a very high number of requested tests with possible relapses on the patient health. Obviously, the problem is also economic, therefore, undoubtedly, in the view of a principle of justice, the limited SSN economic resources must be diverted only to prescriptions useful for public welfare. AIM OF STUDY In this work, the prescription of the glycosylated haemoglobin test is evaluated in the prospective of the “justice”. This test is considered as an example of all prescriptions whose rational modalities of use have not yet been overall accepted by the scientific community. The critical situation obviously reflects on the functional use of resources, which are becoming more and more limited and therefore have to be directed only to the procedures really useful to the patient. We remark how the three principal government systems of offered laboratory services (political/administrative measures such as sanitary ticket, active rules related to scientific/health care criteria and guide lines) have demonstrated evident drawbacks whose basic indicator is represented by high rates of misappropriateness. Therefore, more diligence and involvement of physicians are required in order to propose real solutions coming from scientific premises for better diagnostic test prescriptions. It is underlined that without a direct, effective control of appropriateness, and consequently of the costs, by the clinical staff, it is inevitable that there will be somebody else who will decide and govern the demand of prescriptions in the absence of any scientific rules. CONCLUSIONS At last, solutions are proposed for reducing the number of misappropriated requests. The opportunities coming from the information technology could permit a structural solution to the problem using a software that can automatically drive prescriptions. The aim is to give the physicians a series of “measures of prescription”, produced by experts, that are then progressively spread to the majority of laboratory services. The instructions can be real timeupdated and allow a widespread and well-blended knowledge all over the national territory. Prescriptions in agreement with “the instructions” would be carried out also in the hospital place.

Using Active Rules to Maintain Data Consistency in Data Warehouse Systems

Data warehousing is a popular technology, which aims at improving decision-making ability. As the result of an increasingly competitive environment, many companies are adopting a “bottom-up” approach to construct a data warehouse, since it is more likely to be on time and within budget. However, multiple independent data marts/cubes can easily cause problematic data inconsistency for anomalous update transactions, which leads to biased decision-making. This research focuses on solving the data inconsistency problem and proposing a temporal-based data consistency mechanism (TDCM) to maintain data consistency. From a relative time perspective, we use an active rule (standard ECA rule) to monitor the user query event and use a metadata approach to record related information. This both builds relationships between the different data cubes, and allows a user to define a VIT (valid interval temporal) threshold to identify the validity of interval that is a threshold to maintain data consistency. Moreover, we propose a consistency update method to update inconsistent data cubes, which can ensure all pieces of information are temporally consistent.