Formation of 7-nm-wide Line&Spaces in Half Pitch by 3 Dimensional Self-assembly of Nano-dots Using Sphere Type PS-PDMS

We have formed nanometer-wide lines & spaces by graphoepitaxy of sphere type polystyrene-poly dimethyl siloxane (PS-PDMS), with a molecular weight (MW) of 14.6 kg/mol., along electron-beam (EB)-drawn resist guide lines. We have 3-dimensionally ordered the sphere type PS-PDMS by controlling a thickness of the PS-PDMS along improved guide lines to form the line and space pattern. We obtained the thickness dependence on the pattern change such as nano-dot arrays and nano-line & space patterns. When the thickness increased to about +4 nm from the upper thickness for formation of the dot arrays, the line & space patterns have been formed with about 7 nm in line width and 14 nm in pitch.

A atuação do enfermeiro intensivista para pacientes em hemodiálise

A Unidade de terapia intensiva é uma área destinada a internação de pacientes graves. O enfermeiro intensivista deve dominar a fisiologia para planejamento da assistência individualizada ao paciente crítico. A insuficiência renal é uma complicação recorrente em pacientes grave, de etiologia pré-renal, intrínseca ou pós-renal, sua classificação pode ser de acordo com dois guide lines diferentes: KDIGO ou AKIN. Este artigo tem como pergunta norteadora: qual deve ser a atuação do enfermeiro intensivista na assistência ao paciente em hemodiálise e quais os riscos apresentados para o paciente e profissionais? Temos como objetivo identificar os principais pontos a serem observados pelo enfermeiro intensivista durante realização da Terapia de Substituição Renal (TRS) de emergência, descrever quais os riscos envolvidos para o paciente, o profissional, e equipe envolvida na assistência. Para atender ao objetivo, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura. As bases de dados consultados foram SciELO, Google Acadêmico, Klinical Key, Lilacs e Ministério da Saúde, utilizando os descritores: “insuficiência renal aguda”; “injuria renal”; “hemodiálise em unidade de terapia intensiva”; “papel do enfermeiro em unidade de terapia intensiva”. Foram coletados materiais publicados no período de 2010 a 2020. Os resultados encontrados foram monitorização dos marcadores biológicos, balanço hídrico rigoroso, tratamento de causas reversíveis, intervenção dietética e hemodiálise. Foram identificadas complicações durante a hemodiálise como hipotensão, caibas, náusea, cefaleia, dor torácica, angina prurido, hipotensão, hipertermia, além de cuidados com cateteres e diferentes tipos de anticoagulações. Foram apontados riscos ocupacionais por manipulação de material biológico, pérfuro-cortantes e riscos ergonômicos para profissionais; riscos de trombose, sepse, entre outros, para pacientes. Conclui-se que o enfermeiro deve buscar constante aprimoramento e atualização profissional, sua atuação interfere diretamente no prognóstico do paciente, suas ações e conhecimento refletem e impulsionarem o trabalho da equipe, além de proporcionar um vínculo entre profissionais, paciente e familiares.

Negative Appendectomy Rate and Its Correlation with Use of Radiology; a Clinical Audit of Our Department

Introduction; Appendectomy is the most common surgical emergency and negative appendectomy is a one of recognized consequence of appendectomy. Recently an increased use of radiology is seen in diagnosing appendicitis and it has significantly decreased the rate of negative appendectomy. Every effort should be made to establish an exact diagnosis. If, however, this is impossible and a suspicion of appendicitis exists, exploration is mandatory. It is far better to subject a moderate number of patients to a theoretically unnecessary operation than to let one patient suffer perforation. Aim; Recently we have seen an increased use of radiology in our department for diagnosing appendicitis. The idea of conducting this audit was to calculate our negative appendectomy rate by correlating it with use of radiology and to compare it with international figures and to set up guide lines for use of radiology in diagnosing appendicitis on basis of results of our audit . Methods; Records of all patients who underwent appendectomy in Dubai Hospital, UAE from jan 2018 to jan 2019 were retrospectively analyzed using electronic record system. Clinical diagnosis and radiological findings were compared with histopathology as gold standard for negative appendectomy rate. The sensitivity and specificity of different radiological procedures was calculated as well. Results; Total 165 patients underwent appendectomy in specified duration. Over all negative appendectomy rate was 17 % with male being 9.7 % and female rate 31% . CTSCAN was found to be 100% specific and 91.4 % sensitive in diagnosing appendicitis while clinical diagnosis was accurate in 88.5 % cases.

Hydrogen Emanations in Intracratonic Areas: New Guide Lines for Early Exploration Basin Screening

Offshore the emissions of dihydrogen are highlighted by the smokers along the oceanic ridges. Onshore in situ measurements in ophiolitic contexts and in old cratons have also proven the existence of numerous H2 emissive areas. When H2 emanations affect the soils, small depressions and vegetation gaps are observed. These depressions, called fairy circles, have similarities with the pockmark and vent structures recognized for long time in the sea floor when natural gas escapes but also differences. In this paper we present a statistic approach of the density, size, and shape of the fairy circles in various basins. New data from Brazil and Australia are compared to the existing database already gathered in Russia, USA, and again Brazil. The comparison suggests that Australia could be one of the most promising areas for H2 exploration, de facto a couple of wells already found H2, whereas they were drilled to look for hydrocarbons. The sum of areas from where H2 is seeping overpasses 45 km2 in Kangaroo Island as in the Yorke Peninsula. The size of the emitting structures, expressed in average diameter, varies from few meters to kilometers and the footprint expressed in % of the ground within the structures varies from 1 to 17%. However, globally the sets of fairy circles in the various basins are rather similar and one may consider that their characteristics are homogeneous and may help to characterize these H2 emitting zones. Two kinds of size repartitions are observed, one with two maxima (25 m and between 220 m ± 25%) one with a simple Gaussian shape with a single maximum around 175 m ± 20%. Various geomorphological characteristics allow us to differentiate depressions of the ground due to gas emissions from karstic dolines. The more relevant ones are their slope and the ratio diameter vs. depth. At the opposite of the pockmark structures observed on the seafloor for which exclusion zones have been described, the H2 emitting structures may intersect and they often growth by coalescence. These H2 emitting structures are always observed, up to now, above Archean or Neoproterozoic cratons; it suggests that anoxia at the time the sedimentation and iron content play a key role in the H2 sourcing.

A basic design for automotive crash boxes using an efficient corrugated conical tube

Frontal vehicle structure is of high importance through crash energy managements and crash boxes are the fundamental structural component for vehicle safety as well as after sales issues. Similar to many other vehicle components, the detail design of crash box is usually part of manufacture knowhow. However, some guide lines are always available. In this article a general procedure is introduced for designing of crash box with the aid of novel thin walled structures and according to conventional crash scenarios. The problem is followed through some basic steps. Firstly, the crash box idea is selected through a wide range of previous investigated elements and is packaged in a real bench vehicle. Then thanks to the protection provided by the new crash box on the other more expensive components (e.g. headlamp, cooling pack, etc.), the effectiveness of this element are acknowledged through the low speed offset crash. Further on the robustness of new proposed crash box is approved by high speed crash simulations. The quasi-static simulations implemented during the analyses are carried out by finite element explicit code (Abaqus) and the FE modeling and dynamic simulation through the next steps are also performed in ANSA and PAM CRASH respectively. Finally in addition to the general crash box design proposed procedure, the achieved results demonstrated that the corrugated conical thin walled tubes deforms in regular and rather stable shape under both axial and oblique loadings. They also produced a reasonable reaction force versus deformations which leads to stiff and crashworthy energy absorber in comparison to traditional rectangular and even some special models like as origami shapes, and so they could be a valuable selection for crash box implementations in passenger cars.

Investigating Investment, Inflation, Trade-Openness and Economic Progress Nexus for Pakistan

Since inflation and trade openness rate are considered as critical measure of an economy's health. This article analyze the relation of Economic growth with Investment, Inflation and Trade Openness of Pakistan for 1970- 2019. The policy guide lines from analysis include promotion of policies to increase Investment and Trade-openness in short and long-terms. The study used ARDL bound-testing for long-term and Un-Restricted-Error Correction techniques to discover short-term interrelation amongst a selection of variables. Results of study revealed inflation negatively related to economic performance and positively linked to Investment and Trade-Openness. Findings of enquiry suggested government should focus more on investment friendly policies in the country.

The Product Quality, Impacts, and Implication of Solo Batik Carnival Event on Solo City’s Spatial Guidelines

Solo Batik Carnival (SBC) is an annual carnival event which have vision to develop creative industry base on batik and reusable products to increase the value as artistic artwork masterpieces, held in Solo by Surakarta Tourism Office as the vice of regional goverment collaborate with Yayasan Solo Batik Carnival. The main purpose of this event are to introduce batik as a legacy of Java culture, and make Solo as one of tourist destination esspecially in fashion interest with the aims in educational development, art, culture, and economic increasing. Therefore, this study is so important and necessary to figure out about: (a) dependability of event quality and spatial in city’s space study, and (b) correlation between impact to the community and the city’s ability to coverage activities during event. This research used sequential mixed methods theory with exploratory sequential strategy. Explorative method used for exploration on field and made a qualitative analysis to find the facts, and compare it with quantitative data from local and tourists respondents with two audiences: zone, tribune and runway. It takes event quality, economic, social and culture impact, and also open public space elements as indicators of research. Thereby the results of this research: first, SBC has a potential ability as an attraction. Second, SBC has a value to increase and develop community economic conditions and also put the city on the national tourism position with creating image identity. And third, event quality and the event’s impacts have certainly been references to design guide-lines of the city’s space surrounding the event’s area.