thioglycolic acid
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RSC Advances ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 834-844
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nikpassand ◽  
Leila Zare Fekri ◽  
Rajender S. Varma ◽  
Lida Hassanzadi ◽  
Farhad Sedighi Pashaki

Bis(thioglycolic acid)-vanillin silica-coated Fe3O4 MNPs were synthesized, and tested as a catalyst.


Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2203
Author(s):  
Riya Gupta ◽  
Usisipho Feleni ◽  
Emmanuel Iwuoha

Prostate cancer is a dominant global threat to society. It affects nearly 4000 men in South Africa annually, making it the second most threatening cancerous disease after lung cancer. A potential serological biomarker to monitor early diagnosis of prostate cancer is prostate specific antigen (PSA). We used the PSA biomarker in our work to develop an extremely sensitive electrochemical immunosensor to achieve low detection limits. The fabrication steps followed with the combination of thioglycolic acid capped osmium telluride quantum dots (TGA-OsTe2QD)-polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposite and prostate specific antigen modified on a glassy carbon electrode. The UV-Vis signatures of TGA-OsTe2QD-PPy showed an absorption band at 262 nm which is attributed to the PPy and TGA-OsTe2QD composite. This band corresponds to the energy band gap of 4.4 and 5.4 eV. The CV responses of BSA|Ab|TGA-OsTe2QD|PPy|GCE modified electrode to prostate specific antigen (PSA) was studied within a range of 0–16 ng/mL PSA that was linear, herein referred to as liner range (LR), which produced a limit of detection (LOD) value of 0.36 ng/mL PSA. The values of the immunosensor’s calibration parameters (LR and LOD) make them suitable for real sample application, due to their coverage of the PSA concentration range (0–14 ng/mL) that is of clinical importance.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabri Ouni ◽  
Naim Bel Haj Mohamed ◽  
Noureddine Chaaben ◽  
Adrian Bonilla-Petriciolet ◽  
Mohamed Haouari

Abstract Undoped and Mn-doped ZnS nanocrystals encapsulated with thioglycolic acid were synthetized and characterized with different techniques, and finally tested in the photodegradation of a methyl orange in aqueous solution under UV and sunlight irradiations. FTIR and X-ray diffraction results confirmed the functionalization of these nanocrystals surface by thioglycolic acid and the formation of crystalline structures of ZnS and Mn-doped ZnS with cubic and hexagonal phases. Calculated average size of ZnS nanocrystals was in the range of 2 - 3 nm. It was observed a blue shift of the absorbance threshold and the estimated bandgap energies were higher than that of Bulk ZnS thus confirming the quantum confinement effect of charge carriers. Photoluminescence spectra of ZnS nanocrystals exhibited emission in the range of 410- 490 nm and the appearance of an additional emission band around 580 nm (2.13eV) connected to the 4𝑇1→ 6𝐴1 transition of the Mn2+ions. Photodegradation of methylene orange with undoped and Mn-doped ZnS-TGA nanocrystals was investigated. Dye adsorption prior to photocatalysis using nanocrystals was studied via kinetic experiments and statistical physics models. The maximum dye adsorption capacity on doped ZnS-TGA was ~ 26.98 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.According to the statistical physics results, the calculated adsorption energy was 22.47-23.47 kJ/mol and it showed that the dye adsorption was associated to the hydrogen interaction where the removal process was feasible and multi-molecular. The photocatalytic activity of undoped ZnS nanoparticles under UV irradiation showed better efficiency than doped nanocrystals thus indicating that manganese doping generated a dropping of the photocatalytic degradation of the dye. Dye degradation efficiency of 81.37% using ZnS-TGA nanocrystals was achieved after 6 min, which indicated that ZnMnS-TGA nanocrystals may be considered as an alternative low cost and environmental friendly material for facing water pollution caused by organic compounds via photodegradation processes.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3376
Author(s):  
Kamran Hidayat Ullah ◽  
Faisal Raza ◽  
Syed Mohsin Munawar ◽  
Muhammad Sohail ◽  
Hajra Zafar ◽  
...  

The current study aimed to develop poloxamer 407 (P407) gel for transungual delivery of antifungal hydrophobic drugs with sufficient gel strength and drug loading. Gel strength and drug loading of P407 gel was improved by use of functional additives. Hydration enhancement effect was used to select optimum nail penetration enhancer. Face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) was used to observe the effect of the selected penetration enhancer (thioglycolic acid (TGA)) and cosolvent (ethanol) on gelation behavior to develop formulation with enough loading of hydrophobic drug, i.e., terbinafine HCl (TBN), and its permeation across the nail plate without compromising on gel strength. It was observed that increasing concentration of P407 and TGA significantly reduced gelation temperature and enhanced the gel strength of P407 gel and can be used to improve P407 gel strength. Under the scanning electron microscope, the significant effect of TGA as an ungual penetration enhancer was observed on the morphology of the nail plate. Optimized P407 gel prepared with modified cold method showed a gelation temperature of 8.7 ± 0.16 °C, gel strength of 122 ± 7.5 s and drug loading of 1.2% w/w, which was four times more than the drug loading in the gels prepared with conventional cold method. Rheological behavior was pseudoplastic with 47.75 ± 3.48% of gel erosion after 12 washings and 67.21 ± 2.16% of drug release after 12 h. A cumulative amount of TBN permeated from P407 gel with and without PE after 24 h was 27.30 ± 4.18 and 16.69 ± 2.31 µg/cm2, respectively. Thioglycolic acid can be used as a nail penetration enhancer without the chemical modification or addition of extra additives while retaining the gel strength. Water miscible cosolvents with moderate evaporability such as ethanol, can be incorporated to P407 gel by minor modification in method of preparation to load the required dose of hydrophobic drugs. Developed P407 gel formulation with sufficient gel strength and drug loading will be a promising carrier for transungual delivery of hydrophobic antifungal agents.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Lenka Martinec Nováková ◽  
Monika Kliková ◽  
Eva Miletínová ◽  
Jitka Bušková

Mental activity in sleep often involves visual and auditory content. Chemosensory (olfactory and gustatory) experiences are less common and underexplored. The aim of the study was to identify olfaction-related factors that may affect the occurrence of chemosensory dream content. Specifically, we investigated the effects of all-night exposure to an ambient odour, participants’ appraisal of their current olfactory environment, their general propensity to notice odours and act on them (i.e., odour awareness), and their olfactory acuity. Sixty pre-screened healthy young adults underwent olfactory assessment, completed a measure of odour awareness, and spent three nights in weekly intervals in a sleep laboratory. The purpose of the first visit was to adapt to the experimental setting. On the second visit, half of them were exposed to the smell of vanillin or thioglycolic acid and the other half to an odourless control condition. On the third visit, they received control or stimulation in a balanced order. On each visit, data were collected twice: once from the first rapid eye movement (REM) stage that occurred after 3 a.m., and then shortly before getting up, usually from a non-REM stage. Participants were asked to report the presence of sensory dream content and to assess their current olfactory environment. Neither exposure, nor participants’ assessments of the ambient odour, or olfactory acuity affected reports of chemosensory dream content but they were more frequent in individuals with greater odour awareness. This finding may have implications for treatment when such experiences become unwanted or bothersome.


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