Analysis of Accident-Prone Areas in North Jakarta

Transportation is an important part of human life, which has the benefit of facilitating the movement of people and the transportation of goods. This study aims to determine and analyze the locations where accidents often occur along the Cakung - Cilincing road, North Jakarta and determine what factors cause accidents along this road. The research on the analysis of accident-prone areas used the observation method with the quantity data provided by the North Jakarta Police Traffic Unit through IRSMS data, and the survey method was carried out on roads with the recording of passing vehicles, followed by calculations according to MKJI 1997. The results of the study were the location coordinates of the locations that had the highest value Accident-prone, namely segment 3 at the coordinate point -6.140891 to -6.13712 with an AEK value of 80 which causes 6 deaths, 0 serious injuries, 1 minor injury, 5 objects losses, and Rp.13,200,000 material loss. The number of accidents at the coordinate point was 5 incidents. The value of material losses from accidents on Jalan Cakung Cilincing reached Rp. 92,900,000 for the last 4 years from 2016 - 2019. And research on road segment performance obtained LOS A with DS 0.06 in the morning, 0.06 in the afternoon, and 0, 07 in the afternoon.

Learning from minor injury care restructure during the COVID-19 pandemic: a phenomenological study of orthopaedic clinical leaders

BackgroundDuring peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic, trauma and orthopaedic departments in England have been asked to support emergency departments by providing first contact care for minor injuries. The subsequent requirement for departmental restructure has resulted in a variety of service pathways across the country. This study aimed to explore the experiences of different clinical teams and identify any consistent themes or reflections, which could be applied to continuous improvement of minor injury care.MethodsUsing a phenomenological approach, nine semistructured interviews were conducted with trauma and orthopaedic clinical leads across England whose departments provided support to minor injuries service. Detailed transcripts were then analysed to identify themes for discussion. Interviews were conducted via video conferencing in November 2020 at the end of England’s second national lockdown.ResultsEach of the nine orthopaedic departments provided support for minor injuries, six of which involved creating a new unit. Themes included the value of collaborative working between the emergency department and orthopaedic staff across multiple professions and the benefit to patients of early definitive decision making. A common theme was reduced barriers to change during the pandemic. Examples of long-term service improvements triggered by the pandemic focus on pathways to enable consultant to provide early opinions for injured patients.ConclusionsA range of experiences have demonstrated themes in reflection from service leaders. Departments across the country should be encouraged to consider what improvements to their own service may be applied long term. Resource limitations, staff well-being and education must all be considered.

Child Injury Burden and Risk Profile in a Bangladeshi Rural Community: an Age-Group Related Overview

Background:Child injury was a growing public health problem in Bangladesh. Recent information on variation in patterns of non-fatal injury, severity, and risk-profile in rural Bangladeshi children was unavailable. This study aimed to determine current burden of non-fatal injury and risks considering severity in disability-days in child age-groups in a rural community. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly chosen children (<18-year) from selected households of village-clusters with pretested semi-structured questionnaires and checklist for household-environment between May-June 2018 in selected sub-district. Besides descriptive analysis, Chi-square test and Odds Ratio with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated for identifying risk profiles. An injury was considered minor when regular activities were hampered <30 days and major when ≥30 days. A minor injury must have occurred in the previous three months and a major injury in previous year.Results:For 918 children, prevalence of major and minor injury were 2.4 (95% CI 1.5-3.6) and 7.4 (95% CI 5.8-9.3) with highest in 5-9 and 1-4-year respectively. Commonest pattern was fall injury, followed by cut injury, transport injury and burn for both major and minor type, with variations in age-groups. For major-injury, risks included male gender (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.5-18.9), dumped garbage (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.5-26.7), and exclusive/complementary use of non-electric power-source (OR 5, 95% CI 1.2-16.1). For minor-injury, risks for all age groups were ≥5 working hours/day of a mother (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2-7.2), supervision of <6 children during her works (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.05-13) and open fireplaces (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3-7.2). When analysis of minor injury considering specific age-groups was done, mothers’ ≥5 working hours and child-supervision were particularly found risky for 1-4 year; open fireplaces for 5-9 year; along with male gender, uneducated mothers for 10-14 year. Conclusions: Prevalence of major and minor injuries were though lower, still required intervention for further reduction and the variabilities in burden, patterns, severity and risks among age-groups could be considered for prioritizing interventions. As risk characteristics were not well established in a cross-sectional study, further case-control study with a qualitative part was recommended for assimilation of risk-profile to guide policy formulation.

Short‐term outcomes in children following emergency department visits for minor injuries sustained at home

Background Minor injuries are very common in the pediatric population and often occur in the home environment. Despite its prevalence, little is known about outcomes in children following minor injury at home. Understanding the impact of these injuries on children and their families is important for treatment, prevention, and policy. The objectives of our study were (1) To describe the distribution of short-term outcomes following pediatric minor injuries sustained at home and (2) To explore the relationship of injury type and patient and household demographics with these outcomes. Methods Children (n = 102) aged 0–7 years with a minor injury sustained at home were recruited in an urban pediatric emergency department as part of the Child Housing Assessment for a Safer Environment (CHASE) observational study. Each patient had a home visit following the emergency department visit, where five parent-reported outcomes were assessed. Relationships were explored with logistic regression. Results The most common type of injury was soft tissue (57.8 %). 13.2 % of children experienced ≥ 7 days of pain, 21.6 % experienced ≥ 7 days of abnormal activity, 8.9 % missed ≥ 5 days of school, 17.8 % of families experienced ≥ 7 days of disruption, and 9.1 % of parents missed ≥ 5 days of work. Families reported a total of 120 missed school days and 120 missed work days. Children who sustained a burn had higher odds of experiencing pain (OR 6.97), abnormal activity (OR 8.01), and missing school (OR 8.71). The parents of children who sustained a burn had higher odds of missing work (OR 14.97). Conclusions Families of children suffering a minor injury at home reported prolonged pain and changes in activity as well as significant school and work loss. In this cohort, burns were more likely than other minor injuries to have these negative short-term outcomes reported and represent an important target for interventions. The impact of these injuries on missed school and disruption of parental work warrants further consideration.

Tolerance of Three Deep South Non-turf Ornamental Groundcovers to Applications of Postemergence Herbicides1

Ornamental groundcovers are a popular alternative to turfgrass in landscapes due to their low maintenance requirements, pest resistance, and shade tolerance. Weed control is a challenge in these groundcovers because few herbicide options are available. The objective of this research was to determine the tolerance of the groundcovers Asiatic jasmine [Trachelospermum asiaticum (Nakai) ‘Minima'], perennial peanut [Arachis pintoi (Krapov.& W.C. Greg.) ‘Golden Glory'] and dwarf mondo grass [Ophiopogon japonicus (L.f.) Ker Gawl.] ‘Nana'] to herbicides, including bentazon, clopyralid, fluazifop-P-butyl, glufosinate, halosulfuron, imazaquin, sethoxydim, sulfentrazone, and sulfosulfuron applied at approximately 2 times the label rate. Asiatic jasmine and perennial peanut were evaluated in Apopka, FL and dwarf mondo grass was evaluated in Mobile, AL. Bentazon, clopyralid, glufosinate, glyphosate, and sulfosulfuron caused unacceptable injury and/or a reduction in shoot growth for all three species while fluazifop-P-butyl and sethoxydim caused no injury to any species. Halosulfuron caused minor injury but significantly reduced growth of dwarf mondo grass. Sulfentrazone caused no injury to Asiatic jasmine or perennial peanut but caused severe injury to dwarf mondo grass after only one application. Similarly, imazaquin caused only minor injury to Asiatic jasmine and dwarf mondo grass but significantly reduced growth of perennial peanut after two applications. Index words: Postemergence herbicides, groundcovers, mondo grass, perennial peanut, Asiatic jasmine. Chemicals used in this study: Bentazon (Basagran® T/O), 3-(1-methylethyl)-1H-2, 1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide, clopyralid (Lontrel), 3,6-dichloro-2pyridinecarboxylic acid, fluazifop-P-butyl (Fusilade® II), (2R)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid, Glufosinate (Finale®), 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid, Glyphosate (Ranger® PRO), N-phosphonomethyl)glycine, Halosulfuron-methyl (SedgeHammer®), methyl 3-chloro-5-[[[[4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate, Imazaquin (Sceptor® T&O), 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, Sethoxydim (Sethoxydim SPC), 2-[1-ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one, Sulfentrazone (Dismiss®), N-[2,4-dichloro-5-[4-difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]phenyl]methanesulfonamide, Sulfosulfuron (Certainty®), 1-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-3-[(2-ethanesulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-yl]sulfonylurea. Species used in this study: Asiatic jasmine ‘Minima' (Trachelospermum asiaticum ‘Minima'), perennial peanut (Arachis pintoi ‘Golden Glory'), dwarf mondo grass (Ophiopogon japonicus ‘Nana').

Minor Insect Pests

This chapter identifies minor insect pests. Many turfgrass insects and mites are considered major pests, either because they are troublesome on a regular basis over a wide geographic area or cause significant damage in a limited geographic area. Another group of insects and mites become turfgrass pests only occasionally, or if they occur regularly, their activities usually produce only minor injury. These are designated as minor turfgrass pests. Several such pests are discussed here, listed in the same sequence of orders as the major pests. These include northern mole and short-tailed crickets; grasshoppers, bermudagrass and turfgrass scales; burrowing sod webworms; sugarcane and carrot beetles; vegetable weevils; and March flies.