Life at the Lek

This chapter tackles the major works that brought Ivan Turgenev's most fertile period to a close: On the Eve, First Love, and Fathers and Children. It gives a detailed summary of the three novels, and discusses the hunter's conception of nesting and mating which dominates these final two chapters. The chapter investigates zoological, botanical, and celestial motifs as well as Turgenev's deft use of hunting lore, history, language, music, religion, philosophy, classical mythology, and folk culture to enrich his complex narratives. For Turgenev, mating is a moment when opposed elements come together, when the precise fulcrum of nature's balance is readily detectable, and the suitability of a potential mate is exposed.

MEMILIH CALON PASANGAN SUAMI-ISTRI DALAM PERKAWINAN ISLAM

Marriage guidance in Islam starts with an explanation of how to choose a potential mate before knitting a marriage bond. Many people observe that the guidance given by Islam is only oriented to the fulfillment of the spiritual aspects and ignores the material aspects which are the means of human life, especially the fulfillment of mental or psychological aspects. This study seeks to analyze the criteria for choosing prospective marriage partners in Islam through the perspective of the psychology of Islamic families. As a new theory, Islamic family psychology has considerable urgency in interpreting the Shari'a rules on family law in a more humane manner, and at the same time to identify mental phenomena that affect the achievement of the objectives of Islamic marriage law. The results of this study state that from a psychological perspective, criteria for choosing a potential partner in an Islamic marriage are still quite relevant and truly influence one's personality in the course of a married life. Actualization of the candidates to choose the candidate pair includes judgments: (1) material aspects in the form of wealth ma> liyyah), social status (h {asabiyyah), beauty or good looks (jasadiyyah); (2) spiritual aspects in the form of a prospective partner's religion; and (3) aspects of comparability or kafa>, especially the perspective and life mission of the prospective spouse.

Do Men and Women Know What They Want? Sex Differences in Online Daters’ Educational Preferences

Using a unique cross-sectional data set of dating website members’ educational preferences for potential mates ( N = 41,936), we showed that women were more likely than men to stipulate educational preferences at all ages. When members indifferent to educational level were excluded, however, the specificity of men’s and women’s preferences did differ for different age groups. That is, whereas women expressed more refined educational preferences during their years of maximum fertility, their demand specificity decreased with age. Men’s specificity, in contrast, remained stable until the 40s, when it was greater than that of postreproductive women, and then was higher during their peak years of career-earnings potential. Further, when individuals’ level of education was controlled for, women (compared with men) were more likely to state a higher minimum preference for educational level in a potential mate.

The Influence of the Opposite Sex on Hypothetical Aggressive Inclinations

Previous research has supported the hypothesis that the presence of a potential mate influences social behavior; however, there is a paucity of work that has extended this to the study of aggression. Thus, the current research had participants ( N = 1,035) view a picture of an attractive or unattractive member of the opposite sex. Participants then imagined themselves in front of the imagined person in a social setting in which they were provoked or not before completing an assessment of aggressive intentions. Results from the 2 (sex of participant) × 2 (attractiveness of the picture) × 2 (provocation or not) analysis of variance showed that males viewing an image of an attractive female had higher aggressive intentions when provoked than males viewing a nonattractive female; however, these effects were not found for female participants.

5. Signals for survival

Animals communicate in numerous ways. Usually, when animals communicate, the receiver of the communication responds by changing its behaviour. Communication can use any one or more of the senses including vision, hearing, smell and taste, touch, and electric senses. ‘Signals for survival’ explains that across the animal kingdom, signals within a species are generally honest. Cheating is pointless when the benefits from a signal are mutual, but broadcast signals can be eavesdropped by other species. Communication is risky when a signal appears to be from a potential mate, but is instead being made by a deceptive predator. Interspecies communication is also discussed, along with details of honeybee dances and vervet monkey alarm calls.