DATA SYNCHRONIZATION MODEL TO IMPROVE THE SUPERVISION OF LAND OWNERSHIP FOR CITIZENS TOWARDS THE INDONESIAN AGRARIAN REFORM AGENDA

The change of ownership and control of agricultural and non-agricultural land for all Indonesian people is a mandate of Article 7, 10 and 17 of Act Number 5 Year 1960 under the Indonesian Agrarian Reform. In practice, however, people can own property rights beyond the stipulated limit. The article aims to improve a fair distribution of land through the proposed model of supervision and property rights land tenure reforms. The data synchronization developed through an online system can be the tool to improve the supervision and management of land ownership and tenures. The methods used are the statute approach, socio-legal approach, and case study approach. The statute approach analysed existing statutes regarding land and land rights in Indonesia, the result is further observed in practice through the socio-legal approach by observing the data and figures in local regions. The case study approach reviews past judgments in the matter to examine the consistency and sufficiency of prevailing laws and policy and the direction of its developments. This study found that there is still an ineffective implementation of the law resulting in people having lands more than their limit. The proposed data synchronization model developed through an online system can solve this problem by harmonizing data in local regions with the existing data at the Civil Registry Office and the Tax Office. This study provides an essential contribution to the existing literature of Indonesian Agrarian Reform as well as a guideline for policymakers.

Model of Process Synchronization in Through Analysis

Synchronization of parallel processes of distributed information systems (DIS) has been largely determined by decisions taken at the stages of their design. Having already been in structural and functional models, when determining cause- and-effect relationships for events and actions in DIS components, it becomes necessary to coordinate them. In the proposed multilevel systemic, structural and functional synchronization model, a hierarchy of such causal relationships with interlevel mappings, inheritance and encapsulation of events and actions have been formed. The model has been also based on hierarchical extended Petri nets, which make it possible to represent various aspects of a special analysis of technical diagnostics, in particular, analysis of correctness, verification, testing, for the adopted display of the asynchronous-behavioral nature of the multilevel interaction of DIS processes. Features of the synchronization model include mapping operations for cross- level inheritance and encapsulations that synchronize events and actions, as well as end-to-end synchronized quasi-order relationships and compatibility for them. The synchronization model is also distinguished by the possibility of specializing its objects, operations and relations for the tasks of check and recognition of behavioral properties set for analysis and verification, basic in technical diagnostics, including in online and offline testing. The synchronization model has allowed one to determine the formal conditions for methods of end-to-end asynchronous coordination of events and actions of multi-level models, that represent design solutions for DIS, in particular, for technical diagnostics methods, and also to reduce the computational complexity of a special synchronization analysis due to an end-to-end decomposition approach. The dimension of the synchronization model has been estimated using the representation of Petri net graphs and special graphs of reachable states using list structures. The above estimates determine the limits of applicability of the formal synchronization model.

Sleep Induction by Mechanosensory Stimulation in Drosophila

SummaryPeople tend to fall asleep when gently rocked or vibrated. Experimental studies have shown rocking promotes sleep in humans and mice. The prevailing “synchronization” model proposes synchronization of brain activity to mechanosensory stimuli mediates the phenomenon. The alternative “habituation” model proposes habituation, a form of non-associative learning, mediates sleep induction by monotonous stimulation. Here we show that gentle vibration promotes sleep in Drosophila in part through habituation. Vibration-induced sleep (VIS) leads to the accrual of homeostatic sleep credit, is associated with reduced arousability, and can be suppressed by heightened arousal. Sleep induction improves over successive blocks of vibration and exhibits stimulus specificity, supporting the habituation model. Multiple mechanosensory organs mediate VIS, and the magnitude of sleep gain depends on the vibration frequency and genetic background. Our findings suggest habituation is a major contributor to VIS, but synchronization of brain activity may play a role under certain stimulus conditions.

Multimodal Speaker Diarization Using a Pre-Trained Audio-Visual Synchronization Model

Speaker diarization systems aim to find ‘who spoke when?’ in multi-speaker recordings. The dataset usually consists of meetings, TV/talk shows, telephone and multi-party interaction recordings. In this paper, we propose a novel multimodal speaker diarization technique, which finds the active speaker through audio-visual synchronization model for diarization. A pre-trained audio-visual synchronization model is used to find the synchronization between a visible person and the respective audio. For that purpose, short video segments comprised of face-only regions are acquired using a face detection technique and are then fed to the pre-trained model. This model is a two streamed network which matches audio frames with their respective visual input segments. On the basis of high confidence video segments inferred by the model, the respective audio frames are used to train Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based clusters. This method helps in generating speaker specific clusters with high probability. We tested our approach on a popular subset of AMI meeting corpus consisting of 5.4 h of recordings for audio and 5.8 h of different set of multimodal recordings. A significant improvement is noticed with the proposed method in term of DER when compared to conventional and fully supervised audio based speaker diarization. The results of the proposed technique are very close to the complex state-of-the art multimodal diarization which shows significance of such simple yet effective technique.