functional tissue
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah L. Godwin ◽  
Yingnan Ju ◽  
Naveksha Sood ◽  
Yashvardhan Jain ◽  
Ellen M Quardokus ◽  
...  

The Human BioMolecular Atlas Program aims to compile a reference atlas for the healthy human adult body at the cellular level. Functional tissue units (FTU, e.g., renal glomeruli and colonic crypts) are of pathobiological significance and relevant for modeling and understanding disease progression. Yet, annotation of FTUs is time consuming and expensive when done manually and existing algorithms achieve low accuracy and do not generalize well. This paper compares the five winning algorithms from the "Hacking the Kidney" Kaggle competition to which more than a thousand teams from sixty countries contributed. We compare the accuracy and performance of the algorithms on a large-scale renal glomerulus Periodic acid-Schiff stain dataset and their generalizability to a colonic crypts hematoxylin and eosin stain dataset. Results help to characterize how the number of FTUs per unit area differs in relationship to their position in kidney and colon with respect to age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and other clinical data and are relevant for advancing pathology, anatomy, and surgery.


Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
Patra Charalampaki ◽  
Irini Kakaletri

The therapy of choice in the treatment of abnormalities in the human body, is to attempt a personalized diagnosis and with minimal invasiveness, ideally resulting in total resection (surgery) or turning off (intervention) of the pathology with preservation of normal functional tissue, followed by additional treatments, e [...]


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Jiankang He ◽  
Mao Mao ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Chee Kai Chua

Author(s):  
Cartwright Nelson ◽  
Slesha Tuladhar ◽  
Md Ahasan Habib

Abstract Three-dimensional bioprinting is a rapidly growing field attempting to recreate functional tissues for medical and pharmaceutical purposes. Development of functional tissue requires deposition of multiple biomaterials encapsulating multiple cell types i.e. bio-ink necessitating switching ability between bio-inks. Existing systems use more than one print head to achieve this complex interchangeable deposition, which decreases efficiency, structural integrity, and accuracy. In this research, we developed a nozzle system capable of switching between multiple bio-inks with continuous deposition ensuring the minimum transition distance so that precise deposition transitioning can be achieved. Finally, the effect of rheological properties of different bio-material compositions on the transition distance is investigated by fabricating the sample scaffolds.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentao Shi ◽  
Yunduan Que ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Lu Bian ◽  
Xuejian Yu ◽  
...  

AbstractThe transplantation of tissue-engineered scaffolds with stem cells is a promising therapeutic approach for bone defect repair. To improve the therapeutic efficacy of this approach, in this study, a novel biofunctional live tissue-engineered bone-like graft was designed and constructed using a fibrin scaffold loaded with TG2 gene-modified ectomesenchymal stem cells (TG2-EMSCs) derived from nasal respiratory mucosa for bone defect repair. Autocalcification of the cell-free fibrin gel in osteogenic medium with additional alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the osteogenic differentiation of TG2-EMSCs on the fibrin scaffold were assessed in vitro. The results indicated that the cell-free fibrin gel could autocalcify in the osteogenic medium with ALP and that the overexpression of TG2 by TG2-EMSCs could promote the osteogenic differentiation of these stem cells in the fibrin scaffold. Moreover, TG2 could enhance the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in the fibrin scaffold, followed by calcification of the bone matrix in vitro. After transplantation into critical-sized cranial defects in rats, the functional tissue-engineered bone-like grafts improved bone regeneration. These results indicate that this tissue-engineered bone-like graft could improve the process of bone defect repair.


Biomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 120722
Author(s):  
Yanjie Zhang ◽  
Tingyun Lei ◽  
Chenqi Tang ◽  
Yangwu Chen ◽  
Youguo Liao ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Hill ◽  
Hannah F. Botfield ◽  
Ghazala Begum ◽  
Omar Qureshi ◽  
Vasanthy Vigneswara ◽  
...  

AbstractFibrotic disease is a major cause of mortality worldwide, with fibrosis arising from prolonged inflammation and aberrant extracellular matrix dynamics. Compromised cellular and tissue repair processes following injury, infection, metabolic dysfunction, autoimmune conditions and vascular diseases leave tissues susceptible to unresolved inflammation, fibrogenesis, loss of function and scarring. There has been limited clinical success with therapies for inflammatory and fibrotic diseases such that there remains a large unmet therapeutic need to restore normal tissue homoeostasis without detrimental side effects. We investigated the effects of a newly formulated low molecular weight dextran sulfate (LMW-DS), termed ILB®, to resolve inflammation and activate matrix remodelling in rodent and human disease models. We demonstrated modulation of the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in vitro together with scar resolution and improved matrix remodelling in vivo. Of particular relevance, we demonstrated that ILB® acts, in part, by downregulating transforming growth factor (TGF)β signalling genes and by altering gene expression relating to extracellular matrix dynamics, leading to tissue remodelling, reduced fibrosis and functional tissue regeneration. These observations indicate the potential of ILB® to alleviate fibrotic diseases.


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