Designing an Interchangeable Multi-Material Nozzle System for 3D Bioprinting Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cartwright Nelson ◽  
Slesha Tuladhar ◽  
Md Ahasan Habib
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Print Head ◽  
Functional Tissue ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Continuous Deposition ◽  
Bio Material

Abstract Three-dimensional bioprinting is a rapidly growing field attempting to recreate functional tissues for medical and pharmaceutical purposes. Development of functional tissue requires deposition of multiple biomaterials encapsulating multiple cell types i.e. bio-ink necessitating switching ability between bio-inks. Existing systems use more than one print head to achieve this complex interchangeable deposition, which decreases efficiency, structural integrity, and accuracy. In this research, we developed a nozzle system capable of switching between multiple bio-inks with continuous deposition ensuring the minimum transition distance so that precise deposition transitioning can be achieved. Finally, the effect of rheological properties of different bio-material compositions on the transition distance is investigated by fabricating the sample scaffolds.

Multimaterial and Multiscale Three-Dimensional Bioprinter

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Campbell ◽  
Ian McGuinness ◽  
Holger Wirz ◽  
Andre Sharon ◽  
Alexis F. Sauer-Budge
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cell Culture ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
The Stability

We have developed a three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting system capable of multimaterial and multiscale deposition to enable the next generation of “bottom-up” tissue engineering. This area of research resides at the interface of engineering and life sciences. As such, it entails the design and implementation of diverse elements: a novel hydrogel-based bioink, a 3D bioprinter, automation software, and mammalian cell culture. Our bioprinter has three components uniquely combined into a comprehensive tool: syringe pumps connected to a selector valve that allow precise application of up to five different materials with varying viscosities and chemistries, a high velocity/high-precision x–y–z stage to accommodate the most rapid speeds allowable by the printed materials, and temperature control of the bioink reservoirs, lines, and printing environment. Our custom-designed bioprinter is able to print multiple materials (or multiple cell types in the same material) concurrently with various feature sizes (100 μm–1 mm wide; 100 μm–1 cm high). One of these materials is a biocompatible, printable bioink that has been used to test for cell survival within the hydrogel following printing. Hand-printed (HP) controls show that our bioprinter does not adversely affect the viability of the printed cells. Here, we report the design and build of the 3D bioprinter, the optimization of the bioink, and the stability and viability of our printed constructs.

scholarly journals A New Bioink For Improved 3D Bioprinting Of Bone-Like Constructs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Marsh ◽  
Ehsanul Hoque Apu ◽  
Marcus Bunn ◽  
Christopher H Contag ◽  
Nureddin Ashammakhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Inorganic Components

Bone tissue loss can occur due to disease, trauma or following surgery, in each case treatment involving the use of bone grafts or biomaterials is usually required. Recent development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting (3DBP) has enabled the printing of customized bone substitutes. Bioinks used for bone 3DBP employ various particulate phases such as ceramic and bioactive glass particles embedded in the bioink creating a composite. When composite bioinks are used for 3DBP based on extrusion, particles are heterogeneously distributed causing damage to cells due to stresses created during flow in the matrix of the composite. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop cell-friendly osteopromotive bioink mitigating the risk of cell damage due to the flow of particles. Towards this end, we have linked organic and inorganic components, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and Ag-doped bioactive glass (Ag-BaG), to produce a hybrid material, GelMA-Ag-BaG (GAB). The distribution of the elements present in the Ag-BaG in the resulting hybrid GAB structure was examined. Rheological properties of the resulting hydrogel and its printability, as well as the degree of swelling and degradation over time, were also evaluated. GAB was compared to GelMA alone and GelMA-Ag-BaG nanocomposites. Results showed the superiority of the hybrid GAB bioink in terms of homogenous distribution of the elements in the structure, rheological properties, printability, and degradation profiles. Accordingly, this new bioink represents a major advance for bone 3DBP.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional testicular organoids as novel in vitro models of testicular biology and toxicology

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadman Sakib ◽  
Anna Voigt ◽  
Taylor Goldsmith ◽  
Ina Dobrinski
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Monolayer Culture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Multiple Cell

Abstract Organoids are three dimensional structures consisting of multiple cell types that recapitulate the cellular architecture and functionality of native organs. Over the last decade, the advent of organoid research has opened up many avenues for basic and translational studies. Following suit of other disciplines, research groups working in the field of male reproductive biology have started establishing and characterizing testicular organoids. The three-dimensional architectural and functional similarities of organoids to their tissue of origin facilitate study of complex cell interactions, tissue development and establishment of representative, scalable models for drug and toxicity screening. In this review, we discuss the current state of testicular organoid research, their advantages over conventional monolayer culture and their potential applications in the field of reproductive biology and toxicology.

scholarly journals A New Organotypic Culture of Adipose Tissue Fragments Maintains Viable Mature Adipocytes for a Long Term, Together with Development of Immature Adipocytes and Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (10) ◽  
pp. 4794-4798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiko Sonoda ◽  
Shigehisa Aoki ◽  
Kazuyoshi Uchihashi ◽  
Hidenobu Soejima ◽  
Sachiko Kanaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Organotypic Culture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Related Agent

Adipose tissue that consists of mature and immature adipocytes is suggested to contain mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but a culture system for analyzing their cell types within the tissue has not been established. Here we show that three-dimensional collagen gel culture of rat sc adipose tissue fragments maintained viable mature adipocytes for a long term, producing immature adipocytes and MSC-like cells from the fragments, using immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and real time RT-PCR. Bromodeoxyuridine uptake of mature adipocytes was detected. Adiponectin and leptin, and adipocyte-specific genes of adiponectin, leptin, and PPAR-γ were detected in culture assembly, whereas the lipogenesis factor insulin (20 mU/ml) and inflammation-related agent TNF-α (2 nm) increased and decreased, respectively, all of their displays. Both spindle-shaped cell types with oil red O-positive lipid droplets and those with expression of MSC markers (CD105 and CD44) developed around the fragments. The data indicate that adipose tissue-organotypic culture retains unilocular structure, proliferative ability, and some functions of mature adipocytes, generating both immature adipocytes and CD105+/CD44+ MSC-like cells. This suggests that our method will open up a new way for studying both multiple cell types within adipose tissue and the cell-based mechanisms of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Bioprinting with human stem cells-laden alginate-gelatin bioink and bioactive glass for tissue engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2.2) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna C. R. Kolan ◽  
Julie A. Semon ◽  
Bradley Bromet ◽  
Delbert E. Day ◽  
Ming C. Leu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies have shown great potential in the fabrication of 3D models for different human tissues. Stem cells are an attractive cell source in tissue engineering as they can be directed by material and environmental cues to differentiate into multiple cell types for tissue repair and regeneration. In this study, we investigate the viability of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in alginate-gelatin (Alg-Gel) hydrogel bioprinted with or without bioactive glass. Highly angiogenic borate bioactive glass (13-93B3) in 50 wt% is added to polycaprolactone (PCL) to fabricate scaffolds using a solvent-based extrusion 3D bioprinting technique. The fabricated scaffolds with 12 × 12 × 1 mm3 in overall dimensions are physically characterized, and the glass dissolution from PCL/glass composite over a period of 28 days is studied. Alg-Gel composite hydrogel is used as a bioink to suspend ASCs, and scaffolds are then bioprinted in different configurations: Bioink only, PCL+bioink, and PCL/glass+bioink, to investigate ASC viability. The results indicate the feasibility of the solvent-based bioprinting process to fabricate 3D cellularized scaffolds with more than 80% viability on day 0. The decrease in viability after 7 days due to glass concentration and static culture conditions is discussed. The feasibility of modifying Alg-Gel with 13-93B3 glass for bioprinting is also investigated, and the results are discussed.

scholarly journals PHRED-1 is a divergent neurexin-1 homolog that organizes muscle fibers and patterns organs during regeneration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn E. Adler ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Multiple Cell

AbstractRegeneration of body parts requires the replacement of multiple cell types. To dissect this complex process, we utilized planarian flatworms that are capable of regenerating any tissue after amputation. An RNAi screen for genes involved in regeneration of the pharynx identified a novel gene, Pharynx regeneration defective-1 (PHRED-1) as essential for normal pharynx regeneration. PHRED-1 is a predicted transmembrane protein containing EGF, Laminin G, and WD40 domains, is expressed in muscle, and has predicted homologs restricted to other lophotrochozoan species. Knockdown of PHRED-1 causes abnormal regeneration of muscle fibers in both the pharynx and body wall muscle. In addition to defects in muscle regeneration, knockdown of PHRED-1 or the bHLH transcription factor MyoD also causes defects in muscle and intestinal regeneration. Together, our data demonstrate that muscle plays a key role in restoring the structural integrity of closely associated organs, and in planarians it may form a scaffold that facilitates normal intestinal branching.Graphical AbstractHighlights-PHRED-1 is a predicted transmembrane protein that contains Laminin G, EGF and WD40 domains-PHRED-1 is required for normal muscle patterning during regeneration-phred-1 is expressed in muscle cells-Muscle forms an essential scaffold for regeneration

scholarly journals Generation of rat lungs by blastocyst complementation in Fgfr2b-deficient mouse model

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Yuri ◽  
Yuki Murase ◽  
Aayako Isotani
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Developmental Timing ◽  
Deficient Mouse ◽  
Blastocyst Complementation ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Species Specific

Regenerative medicine is a tool to compensate for the shortage of lungs for transplantation, but it remains difficult to construct a lung in vitro due to the complex three-dimensional structures and multiple cell types required. A blastocyst complementation method using interspecies chimeric animals has been attracting attention as a way to create complex organs in animals, but successful lung formation has not yet been achieved. Here, we applied a reverse-blastocyst complementation method to clarify the conditions required to form lungs in an Fgfr2b-deficient mouse model. We then successfully formed a rat-derived lung in the mouse model without generating a mouse line by applying a tetraploid-based organ-complementation method. Importantly, rat lung epithelial cells retained their developmental timing even in the mouse body. This result provides useful insights regarding the need to overcome the barrier of species-specific developmental timing in order to generate functional lungs in interspecies chimeras.

scholarly journals Platform technology for scalable assembly of instantaneously functional mosaic tissues

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. e1500423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyang Zhang ◽  
Miles Montgomery ◽  
Locke Davenport-Huyer ◽  
Anastasia Korolj ◽  
Milica Radisic
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Cell Alignment ◽  
Cell Coating ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Mechanical Cutting

Engineering mature tissues requires a guided assembly of cells into organized three-dimensional (3D) structures with multiple cell types. Guidance is usually achieved by microtopographical scaffold cues or by cell-gel compaction. The assembly of individual units into functional 3D tissues is often time-consuming, relying on cell ingrowth and matrix remodeling, whereas disassembly requires an invasive method that includes either matrix dissolution or mechanical cutting. We invented Tissue-Velcro, a bio-scaffold with a microfabricated hook and loop system. The assembly of Tissue-Velcro preserved the guided cell alignment realized by the topographical features in the 2D scaffold mesh and allowed for the instant establishment of coculture conditions by spatially defined stacking of cardiac cell layers or through endothelial cell coating. The assembled cardiac 3D tissue constructs were immediately functional as measured by their ability to contract in response to electrical field stimulation. Facile, on-demand tissue disassembly was demonstrated while preserving the structure, physical integrity, and beating function of individual layers.

COMPLEX IN-VITRO THREE-DIMENSIONAL TUMOR ARCHITECTURE WITH MULTIPLE CELL TYPES

2009 ◽  
Vol 181 (4S) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
Kai H Hammerich ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
Buckminster Farrow ◽  
Michael Manchini ◽  
Thomas M Wheeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Multiple Cell

scholarly journals Three-dimensional reconstructions of haustoria in two parasitic plant species in the Orobanchaceae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsumi Masumoto ◽  
Yuki Suzuki ◽  
Songkui Cui ◽  
Mayumi Wakazaki ◽  
Mayuko Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Microscopy Observation ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Facultative Parasite ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Structural Insights

Abstract Parasitic plants infect other plants by forming haustoria, specialized multicellular organs consisting of several cell types, each of which has unique morphological features and physiological roles associated with parasitism. Understanding the spatial organization of cell types is, therefore, of great importance in elucidating the functions of haustoria. Here, we report a three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of haustoria from two Orobanchaceae species, the obligate parasite Striga hermonthica infecting rice (Oryza sativa) and the facultative parasite Phtheirospermum japonicum infecting Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In addition, field-emission scanning electron microscopy observation revealed the presence of various cell types in haustoria. Our images reveal the spatial arrangements of multiple cell types inside haustoria and their interaction with host roots. The 3-D internal structures of haustoria highlight differences between the two parasites, particularly at the xylem connection site with the host. Our study provides cellular and structural insights into haustoria of S. hermonthica and P. japonicum and lays the foundation for understanding haustorium function.

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