Seismic gravimetric modeling in geological problems of Saratov region sections

Geological and geophysical modeling is a modern and classic method of processing and interpretation, which is relevant in the segment of geological exploration of any geophysical method. The article presents the material of two-dimensional modeling based on the results of gravity and seismic exploration in the licensed areas of the Saratov region.

Role of Clustering Method in Items Delivery Optimization

In the process of items delivery, the map of the destination locations is represented as a network. The network is used to facilitate vehicles for items delivery. This paper provides an overview of the importance of the clustering method in items delivery optimization. The simulation compares the minimum distance between items delivery using the clustering method and the classic method. The results show that optimization using the clustering method has the total minimum distance.

Study of Urban Heat Islands Using Different Urban Canopy Models and Identification Methods

This work aims to compare the performance of the single‑(SLUCM) and multilayer (BEP-Building effect parameterization) urban canopy models (UCMs) coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF), along with the application of two urban heat island (UHI) identification methods. The identification methods are: (1) the “classic method”, based on the temperature difference between urban and rural areas; (2) the “local method” based on the temperature difference at each urban location when the model land use is considered urban, and when it is replaced by the dominant rural land use category of the urban surroundings. The study is performed as a case study for the city of Lisbon, Portugal, during the record-breaking August 2003 heatwave event. Two main differences were found in the UHI intensity (UHII) and spatial distribution between the identification methods: a reduction by half in the UHII during nighttime when using the local method; and a dipole signal in the daytime and nighttime UHI spatial pattern when using the classic method, associated with the sheltering effect provided by the high topography in the northern part of the city, that reduces the advective cooling in the lower areas under prevalent northern wind conditions. These results highlight the importance of using the local method in UHI modeling studies to fully isolate urban canopy and regional geographic contributions to the UHII and distribution. Considerable improvements were obtained in the near‑surface temperature representation by coupling WRF with the UCMs but better with SLUCM. The nighttime UHII over the most densely urbanized areas is lower in BEP, which can be linked to its larger nocturnal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) near the surface and negative sensible heat (SH) fluxes. The latter may be associated with the lower surface skin temperature found in BEP, possibly owing to larger turbulent SH fluxes near the surface. Due to its higher urban TKE, BEP significantly overestimates the planetary boundary layer height compared with SLUCM and observations from soundings. The comparison with a previous study for the city of Lisbon shows that BEP model simulation results heavily rely on the number and distribution of vertical levels within the urban canopy.

On the Prager-Synge method for a posteriori error

The classic method by Prager and Synge ("hypercircle" method) for a posteriori error estimation in addressed from the viewpoint of the extension of the applicability domain (the range of analyzed problems and methods of the realization). The nonintrusive version of the approximation error estimation that implements the method by Prager and Synge for the arbitrary PDE system is presented. The semiheuristical variant of the Prager and Synge method may be related with the modern approaches for approximation error estimation on the ensemble of solutions obtained by the algorithms of different inner structure.

Solving a Fuzzy Linear Equation with a Variable, Using the Expected Interval of a Fuzzy Number

In this work, a fuzzy linear equation AX + B = 0, is solved, were A, B y C are triangular diffuse numbers, could also be trapezoidal. For this type of equations there are several solution methods, the classic method that does not always obtain solutions, the most used is the method of alpha cuts and arithmetic intervals that although it always finds a solution, as a value is taken closer to zero (more inaccurate), the solution satisfies less to the equation. The new method using the expected interval, allows to obtain a smaller support set where the solutions come closer to satisfying the equation, also allows to find a single interval where the best solutions for decision making are expected to be found. It is recommended to study the incorporation of the concept of the expected interval in the methods to solve systems of fuzzy linear equations

PENGAMANAN FILE DOKUMEN MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI METODE SUBTITUSI DAN VIGENERE CIPHER

Cryptography is a method of securing data using algorithms that have been developed continuously until now. Cryptography offers security in the form of data confidentiality, for example the confidentiality of data generated through encryption algorithms that scrambles personal information so that it cannot be read or solved by unauthorized parties. One of them is the substitution algorithm and the vigenere cipher is a classic method used for data security. The combination of these algorithm methods becomes a solution for double security as file protection. By using a cryptographic application for data security, the combination of the two method algorithms produces a data file that provides more security to the text file so that it is not easy and difficult to solve.

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Gutenberg-Richter b-Values Using Classic Method of Moment (CMM) and Seismicity in and Around Van Lake

The aim of this study determined spatial-temporal variations of Gutenberg-Richter b-values using the Classic Method of Moment (CMM) and seismicity in and around Lake Van. We wrote a Matlab program for this method in the Matlab system. The faults for the Van region used as updated in the GIS system given the reference from the different sources by Bayrak and Türker (will be used in the doctoral thesis). Around Lake Van divided into 4 different seismic source regions. For each seismic source region, probabilities ranging from 0 to 1, the annual probability of exceedances and return periods were calculated for the next 25, 50 and 100 years. Van region determined the seismicity b value changes, β-values. We mapped spatial variations of the b-values using the GIS system. As a result, Lake Van region (region 2) occurred 7.1 magnitude an earthquake in the next 100 years with 31 % probability levels. If it occurred in the 50 years with 15 % probability levels, in the 25 years with 7.8 % probability levels. We estimated the low b-values in the Lake Van so, it has been the high seismicity and can be occurred an earthquake as the high magnitude in the next years. This study will be lead to earthquake hazard analysis and seismic hazard studies in and around Lake Van.

Comparative Law in the Faculty of Law, University of Indonesia: Course Content and Teaching Methods

The classic method of teaching comparative law produces students who depend only on course materials. They may gain knowledge of different aspects of the laws and legal systems of various other countries, but find it difficult to conduct research and write on comparative law independently. This paper discusses comparative law teaching methods by examining the experience of teaching comparative criminal law in the Master's Programme in Law at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia. Although it was once sufficient for students to understand comparative law and some aspects of criminal law, the course's learning outcomes have since changed: students are also expected to have the ability to conduct research and write on comparative law upon completing the course. For this shift to take root, several changes are necessary: first, students must become more active in their learning and do more than just receive knowledge passively from course materials provided by their lecturers; second, students should seek out more reference materials beyond the syllabus and learn to use libraries and online databases more effectively; and third, students must improve their mastery of English and other languages, if possible.