Tuberculosis situation among the pediatric population of Saratov Region (2015-2019)

Subjects and Methods. Incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis among children and adolescents in Saratov Region were retrospectively analyzed for 2015-2019.Results. The incidence of tuberculosis in children reflects general trends in the epidemic situation over the years in Saratov Region. In this region during 10 years of monitoring, tuberculosis incidence among children decreased 4 times by 2019 and it made 2.3 per 100,000 population, and among adolescents, it decreased 1.6 times (16.3 per 100,000 population). The number of children with post-tuberculosis changes detected for the first time increased 3 times in 2019 versus 2015, and the number of adolescents increased 4.5 times not only due to transition to tuberculosis screening in children aged 8-17 years old by skin test with tuberculosis recombinant allergen but also to the examination of children by computed tomography. The incidence in children followed up as Group IVA in 2019 was 15 times higher than this rate in the overall pediatric population. Analysis of the number of children and adolescents who developed tuberculosis and followed up as Groups IV and VI in 2015-2019 showed that the number of children ill with tuberculosis in Group IV was 3 times higher than the number of children in Group VI.

DEPENDENCE OF SPRING WHEAT YIELD ON HYDROTHERMIC CONDITIONS IN THE SARATOV REGION

Using long-term stationary field studies on the phases of development of spring wheat, a prognostic equation for calculating the yield of a given crop depending on the duration of the growing season with a monthly lead time was derived. Taking into account the hydrothermic factors of the Saratov region, the prognostic equation of the multiple function of the yield of spring wheat from the amount of precipitation for April-May, the average air temperature in May, the amount of precipitation in June, the amount of precipitation in July, and the duration of the growing season was calculated.

New data on the distribution of Pallas's spadefoot toad ( (Pallas, 1771)) and fire-bellied toad ( L., 1761) (Anura, Amphibia) on the territory of the Saratov region and adjacent territories

New data on the geographical distribution of Pelobates vespertinus and Bombina bombina in the Saratov region and adjacent districts of the Volgograd, Voronezh, Penza and Ulyanovsk regions are presented. The habitation of B. bombina and P. vespertinus populations in 25 and 22 localities, respectively, was established. Most modern populations of these species of anuran amphibians have been recorded near water bodies in river valleys.

Rural population health risks caused by nitrate contamination of locally grown vegetables

Objectives to assess the levels of health risks in the rural population associated with the consumption of local vegetables contaminated with nitrates. Material and methods. We established the concentration of nitrates in local vegetables, grown on farms and private subsidiary plots of agricultural areas of the region using a retrospective analysis of the statistics from the Office of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being (Rospotrebnadzor) in the Saratov region and our own research results. The health risks in the rural population from exposure to nitrates in local vegetables were assessed according to the Risk Assessment Guidelines (R 2.1.10. 1920-04). Results. It was revealed that local vegetable products are widely used in the diet of the rural population of the agricultural areas of the Saratov region, amounting to 203.422.5 kg/year per adult resident. Significant differences were revealed in the nitrate contamination of vegetables grown by farmers and on private subsidiary plots of agricultural areas of the Saratov region. Discussion. The high nitrate load detected in vegetable products of farms was determined by a significant amount of fertilizers applied to the soil in the form of ammonium nitrate. On the contrary, the use of special biomass from plants of the legume family by workers of personal subsidiary farms for feeding the growing vegetables, made it possible to obtain vegetable products with a significantly lower quantitative content of nitrates. Conclusion. The assessment of the hazard coefficients of nitrates in vegetable products of the studied areas testified to the possible effect of the nitrate component on the health of the local population. The individual carcinogenic risk caused by nitrate contamination of local vegetables was assessed as low; the population carcinogenic risk value associated with the presence of nitrates in vegetables had the possibility to contribute from 0.01 to 1.3 additional cases of malignant neoplasms to the general level of oncological morbidity in the population of the surveyed territories.

Characteristics of Psychological Readiness for Social Activity as Determinants of Different Forms of its Manifestation among Russian Student Youth in the Saratov Region

In modern studies, there is a contradiction between the passivity of young people in the manifestation of their social activity and the ideas of society about their progressive role in the development of civilization. In this regard, it becomes especially relevant to solve the problem of increasing the involvement of student youth in social processes through the search for factors that determine their psychological readiness for social activity, as aimed at being included in socially transformative activities, allowing young people to realize their potential in various spheres of life. In order to find a solution to this problem, a study aimed at analyzing the determinants of psychological readiness of Russian students to manifest various forms of social activity was conducted. The empirical study was carried out on a sample of students who live in the Saratov region and study in organizations of secondary vocational and higher education (Russian Federation, Saratov, N = 197; aged 18 to 23). The characteristics of psychological readiness were identified using the following methods: Personality Emotional Orientation Assessment (B.I. Dodonov, verified by N.A. Belskaya), General Self-Efficacy Scale (R. Schwarzer, M. Erusalem, adapted by V.G. Romek), Readiness for Self-Development (V.L. Pavlov) and Personal Change-Readiness Survey (A. Rolnik, S. Hezer, M. Gold, K. Hull, adapted by N.A. Bazhanova and G.L. Bardier). The intensity of social activity and different forms of its manifestation was determined using a questionnaire developed by a team of authors (R.M. Shamionov et al.). The study revealed some specific features in the determination of various forms of social activity by characteristics of psychological readiness for their manifestation among Russian students. It is shown that social activity in different forms of its manifestation can be determined by personal emotional orientation as a characteristic of emotional readiness, self-efficacy as an indicator of readiness to overcome difficulties in a social context, and characteristics of personal readiness for change, among which passion (energy), confidence and ingenuity dominate. It is found that, among young students, psychological readiness to the greatest extent determines the intensity of subcultural, altruistic and educational-developing forms of social activity, minimally associated with the manifestation of socio-political and Internet network forms of activity and is not associated with religious activity.

POLYETIOLOGY OF NEONATAL GASTROENTERITIS IN CALVES

The work was carried out at the Department of «Animal Diseases and VSE» of the Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, as well as in JSC «Meliorator» and JSC «Trudovaya»of the Marksovsky district of the Saratov region. The effect of insufficient feeding on the level of amino acids in the blood and colostrum and the effect of these factors on the incidence of diarrhea in calves has been established. With less complete and monotonous feeding (below the norm of feed units by 8.2 %, digestible protein by 44.2 %, calcium by 15.5 % and phosphorus by 50.9 %), there is a significant decrease in lysine, serine, alanine, tryptophan, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, leucine+ isoleucine, threonine, cystine+cysteine, arginine, histidine and tyrosine, and the amount of glycine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid decreases by a statistically unreliable amount. In cows that were in the stable period on a more complete feed diet, the content of free amino acids in the blood is lower in the month before calving by an average of 6.8 % and immediately after calving by 11.1 % than in the blood of cows 5-7 months before calving. In animals that were in the stable period on a less complete feed diet, the content of free amino acids in the blood is lower by an average of 18.4 % a month before calving and by 30 % immediately after calving than in the blood of cows 5-7 months before calving. The content of free amino acids in the blood of cows of the farm «prosperous» for diarrhea is higher than in the blood of cows of the farm «dysfunctional» for the disease.

Spatial planning at the macro and micro levels: Problems of taxonomy and polarization (on the example of the Volga-Ural macroregion)

The issue of spatial planning includes the subject of taxonomy. It seems that it is necessary to switch to the practice of planning, in addition to the meso-level (subject of the Russian Federation), at two taxonomic levels: the macroregion and the economic microdistrict. To do this, the article identifies the main properties of these formations. On the example of the Volga-Ural macroregion the properties of integrity, complementarity and connectivity are analyzed. The idea of using micro-level nodal districts (economic micro-districts) is substantiated as objects of spatial planning. Territorial differences between economic microdistricts of the Saratov region are revealed.

The national composition of the Saratov region at the beginning of the XXI century: The stages of folding and prospects

The article analyzes the main stages of the national structure`s evolution of the region at the beginning of the foundation of Saratov to its radical transformation at the beginning of the third millennium. The problem of «new» ethnic groups in the modern development of a regional multinational community is considered. On the example of the system`s formation of ethno-confessional cooperation in the Saratov Region, the regularities and distinctive features of the Russian «imperialism» are determined.

The history of everyday life of the workers of the Savelyev shale mine in the Saratov region during the pre-war five-year plans

The article examines the little-studied history of the Savelyev shale mine and the daily life of workers and employees in 1931-1941. Within the framework of the methodological concept of social history and the history of everyday life, the issues of labor protection, accidents and injuries, food supply and catering, housing conditions and the state of medical care are considered. The article is based on archival materials that were first introduced into scientific circulation.

Working pensioners in Russia and the region: Trends and problems

The article presents the statistics and the results of the sociological study conducted in Saratov, reveals the main trends and problems of working pensioners and shows their dynamics in Russia and Saratov region. It is shown that Saratov region can be attributed to the zone of demographic disaster, since the share of older people in the region reaches 28.2%, including working pensioners – 14% (every third pensionerMuscovite, every fourth pensioner-Russian). The annual indexation of pensions does not fully compensate the growth of prices. As a result, the pensioners make up almost a third of the poor population and are forced to earn extra money or continue to work. However, 49% of working pensioners cannot imagine themselves without work, which serves as a source of self-realization of their existing potential and brings satisfaction. The features of their lifestyle in the context of the prosperous old age model and effective problems of maintaining vitality are presented.