Attitudinal value orientations and perceptions regarding the birth of children of women from Chisinau municipality

The change of the demographic behavior of the population is determined by the modernization of the norms and attitudinal-value orientations towards the family, marriage in general and towards the birth in particular. Empirical studies highlight the character of changes in reproductive behavior: decreasing the pressure of social norms of society and increasing the hierarchy of individual values. The research results highlight the attitudinal-value orientations regarding the birth of a child, which is characterized by the domination of modern characteristics. The birth of a child is perceived as a self-fulfillment, bringing the greatest joy in the life of the parents and less as a professional self-realization or economic guarantor of the family. The value of the child remains dominant, attributed by the new generations in modern society, being determined by the individual needs, which fuels the psychological well-being of families / couples. Most of women want a family model with three children if they have all the necessary conditions (about 54.2%), and 43% prefer the family model with two children. For the respondents in the younger age groups (18-19, 2024) the perspective of having two children is more attractive, 49.8% and 54.2%, respectively. Married women want a family model with three children (55.5%), and unmarried women are oriented towards a family model with 2 children (49.6%). For Chisinau, the division between the social norms regarding the number of children it plans is between women who plan two children and a child, which in practice means “at least one child and not more than two”.

The Biobehavioral Family Model: An Evidence-Based Approach to Biopsychosocial Research, Residency Training, and Patient Care

Engel's biopsychosocial model, based in systems theory, assumes the reciprocal influence of biological, psychological, and social factors on one another and on mental and physical health. However, the model's application to scientific study is limited by its lack of specificity, thus constraining its implementation in training and healthcare environments. The Biobehavioral Family Model (BBFM) is one model that can facilitate specification and integration of biopsychosocial conceptualization and treatment of illness. The model identifies specific pathways by which family relationships (i.e., family emotional climate) impact disease activity, through psychobiological mechanisms (i.e., biobehavioral reactivity). Furthermore, it is capable of identifying positive and negative effects of family process in the same model, and can be applied across cultural contexts. The BBFM has been applied to the study of child health outcomes, including pediatric asthma, and adult health, including for underserved primary care patients, minoritized samples, and persons with chronic pain, for example. The BBFM also serves as a guide for training and clinical practice; two such applications are presented, including the use of the BBFM in family medicine residency and child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship programs. Specific teaching and clinical approaches derived from the BBFM are described in both contexts, including the use of didactic lecture, patient interview guides, assessment protocol, and family-oriented care. Future directions for the application of the BBFM include incorporating temporal dynamics and developmental trajectories in the model, extending testable theory of family and individual resilience, examining causes of health disparities, and developing family-based prevention and intervention efforts to ameliorate contributing factors to disease. Ultimately, research and successful applications of the BBFM could inform policy to improve the lives of families, and provide additional support for the value of a biopsychosocial approach to medicine.

Anti-Poverty Policy

This chapter discusses the development of a static microsimulation model for the purpose of undertaking an anti-poverty policy reform. Microsimulation models, which simulate the legislative detail of poverty-reduction instruments, can be used to make social-protection instruments more effective in this objective by helping to improve the targeting of these instruments. This chapter describes firstly the structure of the dataset required for microsimulation modelling. It then creates a theoretical understanding of the structure of social transfers, and of the concept of a hypothetical microsimulation model. Although the model developed in this chapter abstracts from the population complexity described in Chapter 1, it allows us in a simpler way to understand the targeting and structure of anti-poverty policies. Some of the issues that arise in creating a base dataset for a microsimulation model are discussed. As validation, debugging, and error checking are paramount in model development, the use of a hypothetical family model to use for validation purposes is introduced. We define some concepts used to calculate the poverty efficiency of a social-protection instrument. Finally, the chapter undertakes a simulation of the development of a means-tested benefit.

Marriage rates of the population in Bulgaria: features and trends of change

The paper studies the past and contemporary marriage rates in Bulgaria. The analysis starts with the marriage patterns after the Liberation, when high marriage rates were observed, especially after the war periods. During socialism, the family was perceived as the main functioning cell of society and the marriage rates continued to be relatively high. In the 1990s and the beginning of the new century, a change in the marital behavior was observed – a significant postponement of entry into marriage and motherhood led to a family model that had not been common in the past. The authors also conclude that there are different stages in the marriage patterns in Bulgaria – both historically and spatially. The different factors affecting these processes are also studied and discussed in the paper.

Sustainable development goals, rule of law and public policy: implications for the traditional family model

Based on international public policy as an extension of national sovereignty, governments with authoritarian deviations are reforming their constitutions, criminal laws, etc. with the aim of preserving the inalienable values of their States and the Christian roots of their societies (traditional marriage and family model). For this purpose, basing on the vertical conception of SDG 16 (in which the areas of peace and justice are subordinated to the area of strong institutions), they seek to strengthen the state by gradually annulling its “disintegrating factors”: Muslim immigrants and refugees, members of the LGBTI community, leftist politicians, independent journalists and the EU itself (values, legislation and its incipient public policy). The research analyzes this problem affecting the family and its rights .

The Image of the Family and Family Home in Małgorzata Musierowicz’s Series of Novels, and the Stereotype of the Family in Contemporary Polish Society

The article discusses the image of the family and the family home in a series of novels for young people by the popular Polish writer Małgorzata Musierowicz in the context of literary conventions and stereotypes about the family in contemporary Polish society. The novels, which cover a period of over 40 years, generally fit contemporary Polish realities; however, the didactic function of the novels results in the author creating an idealized image of the Polish intellectual family, filling the readers with optimism. The picture created by the writer, on the one hand, fits perfectly into the stereotype of the family, which is one of the values highly esteemed by Poles. On the other hand, it adapts to the conventions of novels for girls. In this article, the stereotype of the family is reconstructed on the basis of language data and surveys. We present the meanings and contexts of family as a noun and family as an adjective. We also present the results of our survey, the aim of which was to determine an essence of a stereotypical family and how the traditional family model is comprehended by respondents coming from various groups. We also present the respondents’ attitude to the patriarchal family model and the division of roles into male and female. In our opinion, the correspondence between the family picture created in the novels and the image of the family operating in social consciousness is the reason for the popularity of the series.