17. Nuisance

This chapter examines the torts of private and public nuisance. It explains that the tort of private nuisance protects rights in the use of land, rights in the enjoyment of land, and rights in land itself. It permits actions with respect to physical interference with land as well as with sensible personal comfort in its use and enjoyment. The chapter highlights the difficulty in establishing whether private nuisance constitutes a tort of strict liability. This chapter also discusses the elements of public nuisance, which again is a difficult tort to analyse but which is concerned with interference with public rights, such as the right to pass and re-pass along the highway.

Development of Magnetic Field-Assisted Single-Point Incremental Forming

Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) has recently introduced the concept of material formability enhancement through localized deformation. Since material is processed by means of a pin tool attached to spindle, physical interference (especially in vertical direction) limits attainable shapes with the conventional process. The aim of the following work is to increase the variety of achievable geometries with SPIF through in-process magnetic field assistance. An innovative configuration managing SPIF tool movement using magnetic force is proposed. With this in mind, a magnet configuration was designed to generate a vertical load able to plastically deform a 0.5 mm thick AA1100 aluminum sheet. Experiments were carried out to prove the concept by manufacturing a truncated cone; the results demonstrated the feasibility of Magnetic Field-Assisted SPIF.

Engineering Method of Prediction of Plume Path of Air Launched Missile

Separation dynamics study of an air-launched missile is a paramount task for ensuring the safety of launch aircraft. The study should certify that there is absolute absence of any physical interference of missile with the aircraft at any circumstance. It is also important to ensure that the interference of rocket motor plume of hot-launched missile does not have any significant effect on the structure, on board electronic components and sensitive parts of the aircraft. The plume ingestion into the aircraft intake is a critical problem which endangers the safety of the aircraft. Therefore, the prediction of plume path of hot-launched missile is a significant part of separation dynamics study. An engineering approach based on a particle tracking method was followed in predicting the plume path in the present work. Further, the method is modified using reverse particle tracking method to make it more efficient. The method is applied in predicting plume path for an air-to air-missile and is found that this approach gives reasonably accurate plume path with minimum computational requirements.

9. Intentional Interference

This chapter begins with a discussion of the meaning of intentional interference. It then considers assault, battery, false imprisonment, and residuary trespass and harassment. Intentional physical interference with the person may occur by way of an act that threatens violence (assault), amounts to unlawful contact (battery), or constitutes the deprivation of liberty (false imprisonment). There is, in addition, a residuary and uncertain form of liability for the intentional infliction of physical harm, known as the rule in Wilkinson v. Downton. These torts are normally actionable without proof of damage and they also involve a sharp distinction being drawn between an act and an omission: the latter will not normally suffice to ground liability.