POLA PEMBINAAN NARAPIDANA DI LAPAS KELAS II/B MUARA BUNGO BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 12 TAHUN 1995

Correctional institutions are organizations that have the same important duties and functions as other institutions in the Criminal Justice System, such as the Police, Prosecutors and Courts. The duties and functions of the Correctional Institution are to carry out guidance for prisoners and correctional students. The formulation of the problem in this research is what are the patterns, what are the obstacles and what are the efforts of the Class II/B Muara Bungo prison in conducting prisoner development based on Law Number 12 of 1995. The method used is descriptive qualitative. Informants in this study were all Penitentiary Class II/B Muara Bungo and all convicts and ex-convicts. With the number of informants as many as 12 people. The results of the study show that the pattern of fostering prisoners at the Class II/B Muara Bungo prison based on Law Number 12 of 1995 has been implemented well through spiritual development and independence. With the aim of building mental and spiritual as well as developing the potential, talents and interests of prisoners. The results of inmates coaching by the Class II/B Muara Bungo prison can also be said to be quite good because it has been able to improve the abilities and skills of prisoners in various fields of business and has been able to increase the obedience of the prisoners. However, the implementation has not been optimal due to limited facilities and infrastructure, human resources, and low awareness of prisoners to be able to do coaching. Efforts are being made to increase human resources, improve facilities and infrastructure and collaborate with the Bungo Regency Job Training Center, and provide motivation and understanding to prisoners about the importance of coaching programs.

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN TENTANG SYARAT DAN TATA CARA PELAKSANAAN HAK WARGA BINAAN PEMASYARAKATAN PADA LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN

The location of the research was carried out in the Class II B prison of Muara Bungo . This research took place for 1 month, from March 01 to March 30, 2021. The aim of the study was to determine the implementation of Government Regulation Number 32 of 1999 concerning the Terms and Procedures for the Implementation of the Rights of Correctional Inmates at the Class II B Correctional Institution Muara Bungo, to determine the factors obstacles in implementing Government Regulation Number 32 of 1999 concerning Terms and Procedures for the Implementation of the Rights of Correctional Inmates at the Class II B Correctional Institution Muara Bungo and To find out the efforts made in implementing Government Regulation Number 32 of 1999 concerning Terms and Procedures for the Implementation of Citizens' Rights Correctional Assistance at the Class II B Correctional Institution Muara Bungo. This study uses a qualitative method. The results showed that the implementation of Government Regulation Number 32 of 1999 concerning the Terms and Procedures for the Implementation of the Rights of Correctional Inmates, namely Education and coaching at the Class B Muara Bungo Prison includes: Religious Awareness Education, Physical and Spiritual Health Education, National Awareness Education, State and Awareness Law, Art Education. Educational and coaching activities carried out by the Class II B prison of Muara Bungo have been in accordance with Government regulation No. 32 of 1999 but in the implementation there are still some obstacles. Inhibiting factors in the implementation of Government Regulation No. 32 of 1999 Every form of education and development carried out almost certainly has obstacles, be it large or small scale. Obstacles that exist during the effort to fulfill the right to education and development of inmates in Lapas Class II B Muara Bungo are: The time and form of coaching for inmates is relatively short, Lack of Human Resources (HR), lack of facilities and infrastructure and lack of budget Education and coaching as well as the Fostered Citizens Factor itself. Efforts made in overcoming barriers to fostering inmates are using the Approach Method, the approach method used in overcoming the obstacles that exist in correctional institutions, increasing the interest of inmates, conducting training, expanding product marketing and tightening security surveillance.

Food Service for Convicts in Correctional Institutions According to Laws and Regulations and Islamic Sharia

The rights of convicts as Indonesian citizens who lost their independence due to criminal acts must be carried out in accordance with human rights. One of them is the right to obtain adequate food and beverage services that meet nutritional and health standards in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations. In addition, Islamic sharia (law) also regulates the rights of convicts to get good and halal food and drink. This requirement is an order from the Al-Quran and Hadith. The problem of this research is how to organize food according to the provisions of laws and regulations and the provisions of Islamic law. This research used sociological research method. According to the type and nature of the research, the data sources used are secondary data consisting of primary legal materials. The secondary legal materials in this research consist of books, scientific journals, papers and scientific articles that can provide explanations of the primary legal materials. The results of the research found that in practice it was still found in Correctional Institutions that the rights of convicts had not been given in accordance with their rights as citizens. This is caused by several factors, including the lack of understanding of the regulations regarding the rights of convicts contained in the Law and sharia law by correctional Institution officers or even by the convicts themselves. Correctional officers need to be given dissemination regarding their obligation to provide food for convicts in accordance with laws and regulations.

The Effort to Reduce Over Capacity in Correctional Facilities through Social Work Alternative Punishment

Overcapacity in prisons usually happens due to the high number of incoming inmates which is not directly proportional to the capacity of the correctional institution. It is a problem in realizing the aim of both the correctional system and the criminal justice system and raises the urgency of alternative penalties application. This research aims twofold: First, to uncover the causes of prison overcapacity, Second, to elaborate on how policy is being developed toward alternative punishment to reduce overcapacity. This study takes a normative and empirical legal approach, with data gathered through literature reviews and field studies. In conclusion, it would appear that alternative punishments are essential to change the negative views regarding the application of criminal sanctions in prison into the application of alternative criminal sanctions for social work that have a positive impact. The punishment that can be used as an alternative to imprisonment is the social work penalty. The social work penalty is considered to reduce the negative impact on the implementation of imprisonment in prisons that experience overcapacity. This research suggests that the social work criminal formulation policy should be immediately formulated in the Draft of Criminal Code (RUU KUHP).

Technical and Forensic Support for the Prevention of Penitentiary Crimes

Crimes committed by convicts serving criminal punishments present an urgent social problem. Although inmates are isolated and under constant control, the number of penitentiary crimes is growing. The identification of the whole complex of circumstances contributing to penitentiary crimes and their elimination are a guarantee of successful work on preventing crimes of this type. The potential of modern achievements in science and technology should be actively used in preventive work. Many legal scholars stress that the possibilities of using technical means, techniques and methods in the process of preventing crime (including penitentiary crime) are undervalued. Employees of preliminary investigation bodies and penitentiary institutions, in their turn, do not give value to the technical-forensic support (and sometime do not simply understand its possibilities) of preventing penitentiary crime. At the same time, their high priority and value in the organization of preventive work is beyond doubt. The article describes the theoretical basis of using technical-forensic means, offers their classification, shows key spheres of their use. The author stresses the preventive potential of special equipment available in each correctional institution (technical means of security and supervision). The article presents and offers a detailed classification of technical-forensic means, techniques and methods of preventing penitentiary crimes.

PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS OF CONVICTED WOMEN IN DETENTION PLACES WITH CHILDREN: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

Статья посвящена рассмотрению психологических основ совместного пребывания осужденных женщин с детьми в отделениях матери и ребенка пенитенциарных учреждений различных стран. Раскрывается значение регулярных контактов осужденной женщины со своим ребенком на протяжении всего срока ее пребывания в исправительном учреждении. Характеризуется влияние ограничения контактов с матерями, находящимися в местах лишения свободы, на развитие психики их детей. Авторами статьи обосновывается роль поддержания отношений между матерями и детьми как одного из факторов, способствующих увеличению вероятности успешного воссоединения семей после освобождения женщин из мест лишения свободы. Рассматриваются существующие в настоящее время в международной пенитенциарной практике решения по созданию условий для содержания осужденных женщин с детьми в исправительных учреждениях. Характеризуются задачи отделений матери и ребенка, а также приводятся примеры из практики их организации в пенитенциарных системах США, Канады, Великобритании, Новой Зеландии, Германии и других стран. Приводятся данные исследований, свидетельствующие об эффективности работы отделений матери и ребенка. Анализируются аргументы сторонников и противников содержания осужденных женщин с детьми в исправительных учреждениях. Обосновывается тезис о необходимости достижения баланса в удовлетворении потребностей ребенка, с одной стороны, и организации условий для совместного содержания осужденных женщин с детьми в исправительных учреждениях, принимая во внимание вопросы безопасности и серьезность правонарушений со стороны матери. The article is devoted to the examination of the psychological foundations of the joint stay of convicted women with children in the mother and child wards of penitentiary institutions in different countries. The significance of regular contacts between a convicted woman and her child throughout the entire period of her stay in a correctional institution is revealed. The influence of limiting contacts with mothers in prison on the development of the psyche of their children is characterized. The authors of the article substantiate the role of maintaining relations between mothers and children as one of the factors contributing to an increase in the likelihood of successful family reunification after the release of women from prison. The author considers the solutions currently existing in international penitentiary practice to create conditions for the detention of convicted women with children in correctional institutions. The tasks of mother and child departments are characterized, and examples from the practice of their organization in the penitentiary systems of the USA, Canada, Great Britain, New Zealand, Germany and other countries are given. Research data showing the effectiveness of the work of the mother and child departments are presented. The arguments of supporters and opponents of keeping convicted women with children in correctional institutions are analyzed. The thesis is substantiated that it is necessary to achieve a balance in meeting the needs of the child, on the one hand, and to organize conditions for the joint detention of convicted women with children in correctional institutions, taking into account the issues of safety and the seriousness of offenses on the part of the mother.

SUBJECTS EXECUTING CUSTODIAL SENTENCES: CONCEPT, CHARACTERISTICS, CLASSIFICATION

В последние десятилетия окончательно определена правовая основа служебной деятельности сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы и исправительных учреждений. Сотрудники исправительных учреждений помимо субъекта несения службы являются важным субъектом, на которого государством возложены полномочия по приведению в исполнение меры государственного принуждения - наказания (самостоятельно или в составе учреждения, органа). Субъекты, исполняющие наказания в виде лишения свободы, обладают определенными признаками. К ним относятся: внешняя обособленность, персонификация, способность вырабатывать, выражать и осуществлять персонифицированную волю, приобретение свойства субъекта права в силу юридических норм. Рассматриваемых субъектов следует классифицировать на три группы: 1) исправительные учреждения (территориальный орган ФСИН России); 2) коллективные субъекты, исполняющие наказания (администрация, персонал (работники) исправительных учреждений); 3) персональные субъекты, исполняющие наказания (начальник исправительного учреждения, сотрудник исправительного учреждения). Цель работы - показать роль и значение субъектов, исполняющих наказания в виде лишения свободы, определить их ключевые черты и установить виды (персональные, коллективные либо имеющие статус юридического лица). Методами исследования в научной статье явились универсальные методы (анализ и синтез, индукция и дедукция, аналогия и классификация); теоретические методы (абстрагирование, гипотетико-дедуктивный метод) и др. Выводы и результаты работы определяются достижением ее целей. In recent decades, the legal basis for the official activities of employees of the penitentiary system and correctional institutions has been finally determined. Employees of correctional institutions, in addition to the subject of service, are an important subject to whom the State has the authority to enforce a measure of state coercion - punishment (independently or as part of an institution, body). Subjects who execute sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty have certain characteristics. These include: external isolation, personification, the ability to develop, express and exercise a personalized will, the acquisition of the property of the subject of law by virtue of legal norms. The subjects under consideration should be classified into three groups: 1) correctional institutions (territorial body of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia); 2) collective subjects executing punishments (administration, staff (employees) of correctional institutions); 3) personal subjects executing punishments (the head of a correctional institution, a correctional institution employee). The purpose of the work is to show the role and significance of the subjects executing sentences in the form of imprisonment, to identify their key features and to establish types (personal, collective or having the status of a legal entity). The research methods in the scientific article were universal methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy and classification); theoretical methods (abstraction, hypothetical and deductive method), etc. The conclusions and results of the work are determined by the achievement of its goals.

PEDAGOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR CORRECTION OF PRISONERS COMMITTED ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS REPEATED OFFENCES

Статья посвящена рассмотрению педагогических аспектов исправительного воздействия в отношении осужденных, совершивших особо опасный рецидив, как сложного социального феномена, детерминирующего эффективность реализации уголовно-правовых отношений. Раскрывается сущность и содержание понятия исправительного воздействия в отношении осужденных, рассматривается педагогический потенциал мер исправительного воздействия, которые в большей степени носят воспитательный характер, не связаны непосредственно с преступлением и не имеют характера возмездия. Авторами статьи анализируется сложившаяся практика реализации исправительного воздействия в отношении осужденных, совершивших особо опасный рецидив, на примере ФКУ ИК-29 УФСИН России по Самарской области, являющегося исправительной колонией особого режима, в которой отбывают наказание осужденные, неоднократно совершавшие тяжкие и особо тяжкие преступления. На основании результатов опроса сотрудников ФКУ ИК-29 УФСИН России по Самарской области и осужденных, отбывающих наказания в указанном исправительном учреждении, делается вывод об эффективности отдельных мер исправительного воздействия, в том числе «встреч с родными и близкими» и «встреч со священнослужителями». Формулируются рекомендации по повышению эффективности мер исправительного воздействия в отношении осужденных, совершивших особо опасный рецидив преступления. The article is devoted to the consideration of the pedagogical aspects of corrective treatment in relation to prisoners committed especially dangerous repeated offences, as a complex social phenomenon that determines the effectiveness of the implementation of criminal law relations. The essence and content of the concept of corrective treatment in relation to prisoners is revealed, the pedagogical potential of corrective treatment measures that are not directly related to the crime, do not have the nature of retribution, and, to a greater extent, are of an educational nature, are considered. The authors of the article analyze the existing practice of implementing corrective treatment in relation to prisoners committed especially dangerous repeated offences, using the example of a correctional colony with special regime № 29 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Samara Region, where prisoners committed repeated felonies and especially serious crimes are held. Based on the results of a survey of employees of the correctional colony № 29 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Samara region and prisoners serving sentences in this correctional institution, a conclusion is drawn about the effectiveness of certain corrective measures, including «visits relatives and friends» and «visits priests». Recommendations are formulated to improve the effectiveness of corrective measures in relation to prisoners committed especially dangerous repeated offences.

Upaya Penanganan Khusus Narapidana Lansia sebagai Kelompok Rentan

LAPAS or Correctional Institution under the auspices of the Directorate General of Corrections is the final place of the criminal justice system process that fosters and integrates the social of convicts, so that when returning to society they are able to live a normal life. Elderly (according to Law No. 13 of 1998: Elderly) is a person whose age reaches the age of 60 years and above. In its efforts, Correctional Services interpret this understanding by regulating the rights of inmates contained in Law no. 12 of 1995 article 14 paragraph 1.The increasing age and declining body condition of the elderly inmates need special treatment both in health, treatment, and public services. Elderly inmates as much as possible are treated as people usually are, it's just that the place and application are different. This is for the implementation of part of Human Rights (HAM) as a national instrument. This special handling effort involves other stakeholders be it medical or health workers and the government to support the infrastructure needed. The elderly as one of the vulnerable groups become important objects in terms of how decent handlers are so that they feel cared for in their twilight years. Although until now still in the process and stages of refinement of special handling for them. The fact is still not optimal and this study illustrates how well the effort is.

Complex Correctional Institutions at the Present Stage of Reforming the Penal Enforcement System of the Russian Federation

Introduction: the article is devoted to the creation of correctional institutions of combined type with regard to the current penal enforcement legislation and the Concept for the development of the penal enforcement system of the Russian Federation up to 2030. The foundation of correctional institutions of this type corresponds to the modern penal enforcement policy of the Russian Federation, but requires scientific study. The relevance of the presented article is also determined by modern trends in penitentiary science and practice. Purpose: on the basis of generalization and analysis of official statistical data, theoretical and scientific sources, findings and approaches of scientists-penitentiaries, to comprehensively reveal the prospects for establishing institutions of combined type at the current stage of the RF penal enforcement system development. Methods: the dialectical method of scientific cognition was used when writing a scientific article. The following scientific methods of cognition were also applied: comparative law, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, and statistical. Results: in the course of the study and based on its results, the authors developed a theoretical model of a complex correctional institution (institution of combined type), which includes separate areas proposed and scientifically justified by the authors. Each area of the combined type institution selected by the authors is described separately and in detail. The theoretical model of a complex correctional institution (institution of combined type) corresponds to the provisions of the current legislation, as well as the prospects for its development up to 2030, and also widens and complements them. Conclusions: in order to capture correctional facilities of a combined type in the RF penal enforcement legislation, it is proposed to enshrine the theoretical model of a complex correctional institution proposed by the authors in the corresponding articles.