Police Violence as Organizational Crime

This paper argues that patterns of pervasive police violence can and should be treated as organizational crime in Canada. It uses the documented events of police violence in Val d’Or, Quebec, that emerged in 2015 to show how a similar fact pattern might fit all of the elements of organizational crime as defined in the Criminal Code. The article also suggests that this is an example where legal imagination is important, in order to shift our collective understanding of what organizational crime is and where it occurs.

Discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation: A comparison between the United Kingdom and New Zealand

<p>This paper compares the way in which the United Kingdom and New Zealand approach discrimination claims on the ground of sexual orientation. This paper uses the recent judgment in the case of Bull v Hall as an avenue to explore this issue contrasting it with a similar fact situation in New Zealand, the Pilgrim Planet Lodge discrimination. This paper illustrates that the majority in Bull v Hall were able to take a substantive equality approach to their reasoning. This approach is the most consistent with the principle of nondiscrimination. The paper then focuses on the legislative and process differences in the United Kingdom and New Zealand and the results they produce. Finally by looking and the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches this paper concludes that to build a human rights culture and respect the principle of non-discrimination there needs to be more availability of pubic litigation of discrimination claims.</p>

Discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation: A comparison between the United Kingdom and New Zealand

<p>This paper compares the way in which the United Kingdom and New Zealand approach discrimination claims on the ground of sexual orientation. This paper uses the recent judgment in the case of Bull v Hall as an avenue to explore this issue contrasting it with a similar fact situation in New Zealand, the Pilgrim Planet Lodge discrimination. This paper illustrates that the majority in Bull v Hall were able to take a substantive equality approach to their reasoning. This approach is the most consistent with the principle of nondiscrimination. The paper then focuses on the legislative and process differences in the United Kingdom and New Zealand and the results they produce. Finally by looking and the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches this paper concludes that to build a human rights culture and respect the principle of non-discrimination there needs to be more availability of pubic litigation of discrimination claims.</p>

Paradiplomacy Policies and Regional Autonomy in Indonesia and Korea

This analysis focuses on the paradiplomatic policies in Indonesia and Korea. The two countries have similar characteristics, namely as unitary state systems, and enacted regional autonomy in the same era, 1998s. This qualitative research aims to examine paradiplomatic types in both countries and why the policies are rationalized. The findings revealed that although both countries are unitary states, paradiplomatic activism runs in different types. Provinces and cities in Indonesia face many restrictions and limitations by national regulations, while regional governments in Korea have more discretions and authorities to practice paradiplomacy around the world. The research finding also portrayed several provinces in Indonesia instrumentalizing paradiplomacy as instruments to provide international recognitions related to self-determination, and this similar fact is not met in Korea. This paper argues that the different types of paradiplomatic policies in both countries are influenced by domestic political conditions and typically influenced by the presence or absence of regional movements.

17. Evidence of character: evidence of character in civil cases

This chapter discusses the admissibility of evidence of character. A number of factors govern the admissibility of character evidence, including whether the proceedings are civil or criminal and whether the evidence relates to the character of a party or non-party. It is also necessary to consider the nature of the character evidence in question. It may relate to either good or bad character and, in either event, may constitute evidence of a person’s actual disposition, that is his propensity to act, think, or feel in a given way; or evidence of his reputation, that is his reputed disposition or propensity to act, think, or feel in a given way. Thus, the character of a person may be proved by evidence of general disposition, by evidence of specific examples of his conduct on other occasions (including, in the case of bad conduct, evidence of his previous convictions), or by evidence of his reputation among those to whom he is known. The chapter considers civil cases in which bad character designated ‘similar fact evidence’ has been admitted

7. Evidence of the defendant’s bad character

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. Human behaviour tends to follow patterns. Those who have previously been convicted of crime, or who can be shown to have committed other offences or to have behaved disreputably, either have a tendency to reoffend or are more likely to commit offences than those without such attributes. A defendant’s previous bad character may also reflect on credibility. This chapter discusses the following: the problem of whether or not to admit evidence of a defendant’s misconduct on other occasions; the situations in which evidence of a defendant’s bad character may be admitted in criminal cases, and the purposes for which it may be admitted; and the admission of similar fact evidence in civil cases.

SUGGESTION ACTS PERFORMED BY ENGLISH INSTRUCTORS OF CONVERSATION CLASS IN LANGUAGE CENTRE OF ANDALAS UNIVERSITY

This study aimed to analyze analyzes suggestion acts that were spoken by English instructors in conversation classes at the Andalas University Language Center. The purposes purposes of this study are are to identify and explain explain the types of speech acts, taxonomies, modifications, and reasons of the instructor expressing the speech. This study is descriptive study which data are taken from two conversation class instructors in language centre of Andalas University This study is descriptive study which data are taken from two conversation class instructors in language centre of Andalas University. The data are in the form of transcriptions, research notes, and interviews. The data are in the form of transcription, research notes, and interviews. The data are in the form of The data are in the form of transcription, research notes,, and interviews. The instruments used are observation sheets, audio recordings,, and interview guidelines. The findings indicate indicate that the two instructors expressed different suggestions at each meeting. The highest intensity of appearance of suggestion acts is is seen in the first meeting of the first instructor and the third meeting of the second instructor. Furthermore, the two instructors also express express the same type of taxonomy/suggestion acts as conventionalized forms. Then, a similar fact is is found from the modified aspect, namely subjectivizer. The reasons reason why the instructor expresses suggestions are are influenced by social distance, power,, and imposition. Based on these findings, it is is implied that the suggestion actions action taken by the instructors instructors are are influenced by the culture of the community and the class context.

7. Evidence of the defendant’s bad character

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter discusses the following: whether or not to admit evidence of a defendant’s misconduct on other occasions; the admission of evidence of a defendant’s bad character in criminal cases; and similar fact evidence in civil cases.