scholarly journals The influence of sodium-polyacrilic macromolecular chain length to the powder detergents secondary washing performances

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Vladimir Milojevic ◽  
Ljubisa Nikolic ◽  
Goran Nikolic ◽  
Jakov Stamenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Molar Mass ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Sodium Polyacrylate ◽  
Average Molar Mass ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Total Residue ◽  
Detergent Builder ◽  
Fabric Surface

In order to investigate the influence of sodium-polyacrylate polymer as a co-builder in addition to the carbonate/zeolite builders in detergent builder system, secondary washing performances of powder laundry detergent containing equal percentage of sodium polyacrylate with the different weight average molar mass, Mw, have been examined. The value of the degree of whiteness, elongation at break, and total residue content are the most important secondary washing performances that significantly depend on sodium polyacrylates efficiency used as crystal inhibitors, stabilizers for suspended soil, and agents for soil redisposition prevention on fabric surface. The values of the whiteness and elongation at break for cotton fabrics increase with the increase of average weight molecular mass, Mw, up to the value of 70000 g/mol, while in the case of further increase of weight average molar mass up to the 250000 g/mol value of these characteristics begin to decline. The values of the total residue content after combustion indicate an increase in its content with the increase of weight average molar mass of 3000 to 70000 g/mol, while the highest value has been reached in the sample of detergent containing sodiumpolyacrilic with the weight average molar mass of 250000 g/mol. All detergent samples show no significant dependence of the secondary washing characteristics on the number of washing cycles.

The study of needle type influence on woven fabric surface area during the sewing process

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110191
Author(s):  
Beti Rogina-Car ◽  
Stana Kovačević
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Needle Type ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
Needle Point

The aim of this study was to investigate the damage to cotton fabrics (ticking and damask) caused by stitching with three types of needle point shapes (R, SES and SUK) and four needle sizes (70, 80, 90 and 100 Nm). Damage to the yarn and the surface area of the hole were investigated. Based on the results, it can be concluded that two types of damage occur during sewing: the needle passes through the warp/weft (it displaces the yarn) and the needle damages the warp/weft. An analysis and comparison of the surface area of the holes was carried out, obtained by a computer program based on microscopic images. The results show greater damage to the yarn at the needle piercing point in the ticking due to higher density, friction and low yarn migration. The largest surface area of the holes was produced when sewing with SUK-designated needles on ticking and damask. When sewing damask, R-designated needles cause the least damage to the piercing point, whereas SES-designated needles give the best results when sewing the ticking. Thread damage was further confirmed by testing the tensile properties of the yarn at the needle piercing points.

Inter-laboratory evaluation of SEC-post-column calcofluor for determination of the weight-average molar mass of cereal β-glucan

2015 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 254-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Rieder ◽  
Svein Halvor Knutsen ◽  
Ann-Sissel T. Ulset ◽  
Bjørn E. Christensen ◽  
Roger Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molar Mass ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Average Molar Mass

scholarly journals Determination of the Average Molar Mass of the Vapour Above Molten Sodium Chloride by the Transpiration Method.

1979 ◽  
Vol 33a ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvor Kvande ◽  
Oldrich Strouf ◽  
Pär Svanström ◽  
Elina Näsäkkälä ◽  
Eberhard Hoyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Average Molar Mass ◽  
Molten Sodium ◽  
Transpiration Method

Fabrication of cotton fabrics using family III cellulose-binding domain for enhanced surface properties

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (107) ◽  
pp. 105202-105205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liting Zhang ◽  
Yaofei Sun ◽  
Wenji Yao ◽  
Guoying Dai ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Cellulose Binding Domain ◽  
Fabric Surface ◽  
Cellulose Binding ◽  
Enhanced Surface

Cotton fabric surface functionalization by physical adsorption of CBDIII through a sample soaking process.

The effect of polymer branching and average molar mass on the formation, stabilization and thermoresponsive properties of gold nanohybrids stabilized by poly(N-isopropylacrylamides)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (32) ◽  
pp. 5838-5850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Hanh Nguyen ◽  
Annie Brûlet ◽  
Dominique Goudounèche ◽  
Pascale Saint-Aguet ◽  
Nancy Lauth-de Viguerie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molar Mass ◽  
Average Molar Mass

The architecture of PNIPAM based polymers strongly influences both their thermoresponsiveness and their abilities to control and stabilize AuNP formation.

An investigation of the effect of methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate on the hydrosorption properties of a vulcanisate based on chloroprene rubber*

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 311-314
Author(s):  
A.V. Ivanova ◽  
N.F. Ushmarin ◽  
E.N. Egorov ◽  
S.I. Sandalov ◽  
N.I. Kol’tsov
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Sodium Polyacrylate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Nominal Tensile Strength ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber ◽  
Water Swelling ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Sealing Elements

The effect of hydrophilic additives – MC-2000 methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate – on the properties of a vulcanisate based on Neoprene W was studied. The rubber mixes were prepared in two stages: at the first stage, hydrophilic additives were introduced into the rubber; at the second stage, the remaining ingredients were introduced. Vulcanisation was carried out at a temperature of 150°C for 30 min. The viscosity of the rubber mixes, M, was measured at 120°C on an MVR 3000 Basic viscometer (MonTech), and the vulcanisation characteristics and vulcanisation rate, v, were measured on an MDR 3000 Basic rheometer (MonTech) at 170°C in accordance with ASTM D2084-79. From the results of these measurements it follows that, with the combined use of methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate, there is a synergistic reduction in M and in the vulcanisation rate of the rubber mixes. A vulcanisate containing both hydrophilic additives possesses the best hydrosorption properties and has satisfactory physicomechanical properties (nominal tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, and tear strength). The values of these properties and their changes on exposure of the vulcanisate to distilled water (70°C, 24 h) meet the requirements laid down for water-swelling rubber sealing elements.

scholarly journals Hyaluronic Acid in the Intestinal Tract: Influence of Structure, Rheology, and Mucoadhesion on the Intestinal Uptake in Rats

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1422
Author(s):  
Alexandro Barbosa de Souza ◽  
Marco Vinícius Chaud ◽  
Thais Francine Alves ◽  
Juliana Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Maria Helena Andrade Santana
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Average Molar Mass ◽  
Intestinal Membrane ◽  
Mixed Formulations ◽  
Jejunum Segment

Oral hyaluronic acid (HA) is a ubiquitous biopolymer that has gained attention as a treatment for local or systemic diseases. Here, we prepared and characterized structures of free HA (f-HA) with a high (>105 Da), intermediate (≤105 Da), and low (≤104 Da) average molar mass (MM); nanoparticles crosslinked with adipic dihydrazide (n-HA); and mixed formulations (mixed-HA) containing f-HA and n-HA. MM distribution determined the structure, hydrodynamic diameter, and zeta potential of the f-HAs. Crosslinking changed the physicochemical properties in n-HA. In vitro tack adhesion assays, using mucin tablets or a viable rat intestinal mucosa, showed better mucoadhesion with f-HA (intermediate MM) and mixed-HA (25% n-HA), especially in the jejunum segment. High MM f-HA presented negligible mucoadhesion. n-HA showed the deepest diffusion into the porous of the membranes. In vivo results showed that, except for high MM f-HA, there is an inverse relationship between rheological changes in the intestinal membrane macerates resulting from mucoadhesion and the effective intestinal permeability that led to blood clearance of the structures. We conclude that the n-HA formulations are promising for targeting other tissues, while formulations of f-HA (intermediate MM) and mixed-HA are better for treating dysbiosis.

scholarly journals The investigations of bioactive copper(II) complexes with reduced low-molar dextran

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milorad Cakić ◽  
Žarko Mitić ◽  
Goran S. Nikolić ◽  
Ljubomir Ilić ◽  
Goran M. Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Average Molar Mass ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
Physicochemical Methods ◽  
Fourier Transform Ir ◽  
Aqueous Complexes

The optimization of the reaction conditions (pH,T,t) to obtain stable copper(II) ion complexes with dextran derivatives were investigated in this paper. A complete synthesis of stable aqueous complexes can be realized with reduced low-molar polysaccharides, at an average molar mass 5000 g mol–1and pH 7.5–8. Fourier-transform IR spectra of polysaccharide dextran and its compounds with copper(II) ion, recorded at room temperature, were analyzed in order to obtain the information about the structure and the conformation of these polymer compounds. The ESR parameters of the spectra indicate the square-planar coordination of Cu(II) ion with four O atoms. Copper(II) complex formation with dextran and its derivatives were analyzed by physicochemical methods. Synthesized complexes of Cu(II) ion with reduced low-molar dextran in comparison with commercial preparations showed the considerably lower acute toxicity (LD501705).

scholarly journals Quantification of Polyphenols in Seaweeds: A Case Study of Ulva intestinalis

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Emilie Wekre ◽  
Karoline Kåsin ◽  
Jarl Underhaug ◽  
Bjarte Holmelid ◽  
Monica Jordheim
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Average Molar Mass ◽  
Complex Samples ◽  
Ulva Intestinalis ◽  
Polyphenolic Profile

In this case study, we explored quantitative 1H NMR (qNMR), HPLC-DAD, and the Folin-Ciocalteu assay (TPC) as methods of quantifying the total phenolic content of a green macroalga, Ulva intestinalis, after optimized accelerated solvent extraction. Tentative qualitative data was also acquired after multiple steps of purification. The observed polyphenolic profile was complex with low individual concentrations. The qNMR method yielded 5.5% (DW) polyphenols in the crude extract, whereas HPLC-DAD and TPC assay yielded 1.1% (DW) and 0.4% (DW) respectively, using gallic acid as the reference in all methods. Based on the LC-MS observations of extracts and fractions, an average molar mass of 330 g/mol and an average of 4 aromatic hydrogens in each spin system was chosen for optimized qNMR calculations. Compared to the parallel numbers using gallic acid as the standard (170 g/mol, 2 aromatic H), the optimized parameters resulted in a similar qNMR result (5.3%, DW). The different results for the different methods highlight the difficulties with total polyphenolic quantification. All of the methods contain assumptions and uncertainties, and for complex samples with lower concentrations, this will be of special importance. Thus, further optimization of the extraction, identification, and quantification of polyphenols in marine algae must be researched.

scholarly journals Alendronate Release from UHMWPE-Based Biomaterials in Relation to Particle Size of the GUR Powder for Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1832
Author(s):  
Michael Seidenstuecker ◽  
Julia Weber ◽  
Sergio H. Latorre ◽  
Brigitte Straub ◽  
Ulrich Matthes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Release Behavior ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is widely used in endoprosthetics and has been the subject of countless studies. This project investigates the dependence of alendronate (AL) release on the molecular weight of the UHMWPE used (GUR1020 and GUR1050). A 0.5 wt% AL was added to the UHMWPE during the production of the moldings. In addition to the 14-day release tests, biocompatibility tests such as live dead assay, cell proliferation assay (WST) and Lactate dehydrogenase test (LDH) with MG-63 cells as well as a tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 527 were carried out. The released AL concentration was determined by HPLC. A continuous release of the AL was observed over the entire period of 2 weeks. In addition, a correlation between molar mass and AL release was demonstrated. The GUR1020 showed a release four times higher than the GUR1050. Both materials have no negative influence on the proliferation of MG-63 cells. This was also confirmed in the live/dead assay by the increase in cell count. No cytotoxicity was detected in the LDH test. The addition of 0.5 wt% AL increased the elongation at break for GUR1020 by 23% and for GUR1050 by 49%. It was demonstrated that the choice of UHMWPE has an influence on the release of AL. The particle size in particular has a strong influence on the release behavior.

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