scholarly journals Notes on the Modal Predicator naada in Sakha (from a Taimyr Dolgan Perspective)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-65
Author(s):  
Florian Siegl

This paper addresses the syntax, semantics, and history of the modal deontic predictors naada and tustaax in Sakha and contrasts their use with Sakha's closest linguistic relative Taimyr Dolgan. In this respect, this study is a continuation of Siegl (2019), which, in passing, already reported similarities and dissimilarities in these two closely related Turkic languages of Northern and Northeastern Siberia. A contrastive analysis based on recent translations of the Gospel of Luke (which for the time being is the only longer text available in both languages) confirms that the genealogical proximity of Sakha and Taimyr Dolgan is not reflected in the use of naada and tustaax. The study concludes with a superficial look at the fate of Russian nado in Kolyma and Tundra Yukaghir. Even though the lexeme is obviously of Russian origin, Kolyma Yukaghir but especially Tundra Yukaghir data shows several similarities with Sakha naada, which are absent from Russian and therefore imply Sakha influence.

Author(s):  
Alfina Tagirovna Shamigulova ◽  
Munir Idelovich Karabaev ◽  
Gulfira Rifovna Abdullina ◽  
Zulfiya Karimovna Ishkildina
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-201
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Sokolov ◽  
◽  
Irina A. Malysheva ◽  

The article considers Turkic borrowings in the Russian language at the beginning of the 18th century. The material of the study was a translation of the 17th century treatise “The History of the Present State of the Ottoman Empire” written by the English diplomat Paul Ricaut and translated into a number of European languages. The Russian translation was done by P.A.Tolstoy from the Italian version in 1702–1714 and published as “The Turkish Monarchy” in 1741. The study presents the methods of phonetic (orthographic) and morphological adaptation of Turkisms by comparing a typographical manuscript for typesetting with edits (made in 1725) and the printed text. The article aims at comparing the usage of borrowings with their forms in the Italian version of the treatise and in the Polish translation since the latter, apparently, was used in the process of typographical editing of the Russian text. A number ofdistorted forms of Turkisms that appeared in the Russian “Monarchy” as a result of the mechanical transfer of typos from the Italian translation were revealed. It has been established that the translation of compound nouns identified in the Turkic languages as izafet constructions was mainly a copying of their forms from the Italian translation. Most of the Turkisms in “The Turkish Monarchy” are exoticisms, but likely relevant for the Russian reader of the 18th century. Hence, the principles of including exoticisms in the “Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 18th Century” require clarification because a number of Turkisms denoting confessional concepts in modern Russian are part of active vocabulary.


2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara De Cock ◽  
Neus Nogué Serrano

Abstract In this article, we show through a contrastive analysis of person reference in Catalan and Spanish parliamentary discourse, that it is paramount to take into account not only syntactic but also pragmatic factors in order to adequately analyse the differences between two languages that have rather similar morphological paradigms. Thus, we will show that singular deictics are used more widely in Spanish parliamentary discourse, whereas plural forms are preferred in Catalan, which is possibly related to more general cultural features and to the political system as a whole. Furthermore, we will discuss differences in the use of the formal address forms. Finally, we will show that some differences in the use of vocatives may be due to the debating styles and history of the respective parliaments.


2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-138
Author(s):  
Jelena Grazio

The following article deals with technical terminology in the field of music. Its intention is to present a chronological-contrastive analysis of musical terminology in Slovene music theory textbooks written up until the end of the World War II, exemplified by the terms selected. The author emphasizes the importance of such research for musicology, presents current contributions in this area and describes the history of musical textbooks that have been used as corpus for the analysis.


Author(s):  
A. D. Kaksin

The article gives a general view of the modern Koibal dialect of the Khakass language. The history of studying Koibal speech includes several stages. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the first evidence of the people living at the mouth of the Abakan River and their language, was collected. Some interesting records were made by G. Miller, P. Pallas, G. Spassky, some other scientists and travelers. Comparing the people under study with other peoples inhabiting the Minusinsk Hollow at that time allowed defining quite a large number of peoples in this area (including Koibals) to be Samoyeds speaking languages with one common property: these are different versions of the Turkic type language. In other words, in that period already, the assimilation of Samoyeds languages by Turkic languages was underway. The article then provides an assessment of the main work of an outstanding Finno-Ugrist and Altaist Mathias-Alexander Castren in linguistic Turkology − a brief grammar of Koibal and Karagas dialects (published in 1857), with notes made by the prominent orientalist Nikolai Katanov to the text by Kastren taken into account. In the second half of the 19th and 20th centuries, the information on the Koibal dialect and other linguistic formations of this part of Southern Siberia was systematized by L. P. Potapov, N. A. Baskakov in the Khakass-Russian dictionary (1953) and an essay by S. I. Weinstein. Later, when the study of South Siberian languages was put on a serious scientific and organizational basis, the Koibal dialect, like other territorial varieties of the Khakass language, was described in sufficient detail by V. G. Karpov, M. I. Borgoyakov, D. F. Patachakova, O. P. Anzhzhanova, in Grammatik and the Khakass-Russian dictionary (2006). Finally, some lexical and grammatical phenomena in modern Koibal dialect are considered, and a scheme (model) of language interaction that resulted in the Koibal dialect of the Khakass language is introduced.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-307
Author(s):  
D. Kenzhebaev ◽  
D. Abdullaev

The relevance of studying the oronymy of the Chatkal area of Kyrgyzstan is associated with the fact that many mountain names are well preserved in sound and semantic terms. This factor is an important condition for studying the retrospective of any language, including the Turkic languages too. Also, in the sound shells of mountain names, despite their deep antiquity, long disappeared elements of languages that are in contact in the same linguistic area in the deep past have survived. As part of the mountain names of the Chatkal zone of the mountain ranges of Kyrgyzstan, individual morphemes and sounds of the ancient Turkic languages have been preserved, and at the same time, East Iranian topolexemes of the Indo-European language family are found. At the same time, the structure of oronyms to some extent shows the evolution of the language as a whole and of each tier in it - in particular. The history of the Kyrgyz language and its interaction with various systemic linguistic structures are reflected in the stratigraphy of oronymy. This allows you to explore the historical plan of the Turkic languages in more depth in the diachronic sense.


Author(s):  
Rimma Muratova

Статья посвящена изучению формирования, развития и описанию семантических особенностей цветообозначения aq ‘белый’ в башкирском языке, которое в силу своей архаичности обладает рядом номинативных и денотативных значений. При изучении происхождения и эволюции слова обращались к трудам по истории языка и этимологии. Источниками примероя для выявления значений слова послужили словари башкирского языка и данные корпуса башкирской прозы и фольклора. Сравнительно-историческое исследование значений слов на общетюркском фоне проводилось опираясь на данные, извлеченные из словарей по тюркским языкам. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью изучения лексемы как в сравнительно-историческом аспекте, так и в плане синхронии с выявлением общих тенденций и специфических особенностей в развитии и семантике слова. В ходе исследования выявлено, что цветообозначение аq представляет собой рефлекс пратюркской формы *āk ‘светлый’, которая, в свою очередь, восходит к праалтайскому *iāk’V ‘светлый, белый’. Лексема аq появляется уже в самых ранних письменных источниках – древнетюркских памятниках. В них аq, в основном, употребляется относительно масти лошади, а для цветообозначения ‘белый’ встречается слово ürüŋ. Считается, что аq было словом, характерным для западной ветви тюркских языков и со временем оно получило широкое распространение во всех тюркских языках после отделения от них чувашского и якутского. Большинство значений слова аq, выявленных в башкирском языке, имеют общетюркский характер: цвет и масть (белый, светлый, сивый, седой), вторичные значения (чистый, святой, безгрешный, святой, добрый, счастливый, радостный, благородный, гостевой); субстантиваты (молоко, белок, бельмо). Предполагается значение, имеющее ареальный характер: старый, мудрый (у тюрков Кавказа и Средней Азии). В башкирском языке имеется отличающееся от общетюркского значение белого цвета – ‘южный’, в то время у тюрков в древности белым обозначался запад, западная сторона.The article is devoted to the study of the formation, development, and description of the semantic features of the color term aq ‘white’ in the Bashkir language, which, due to its archaic nature, has a number of nominative and denotative meanings. When studying the origin and evolution of the word, we turned to works on the history of language and etymology. Dictionaries of the Bashkir language and the corpus of Bashkir prose and folklore served as sources of examples for identifying the meanings of a word. A comparative historical study of the meanings of words on a common Türkic background was carried out based on data extracted from the Turkic languages dictionaries. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the lexeme both in the comparative historical aspect and in terms of synchrony with the identification of general trends and specific features in the development and semantics of the word. The study revealed that the color designation aq is a reflex of the Pre-Turkic form *āk ‘light’, which, in turn, goes back to the Pre-Altai *iāk’V ‘light, white’. The lexeme aq appears already in the earliest written sources - ancient Turkic monuments. In them, aq is mainly used with respect to the suit of a horse, and for the color designation “white” there is the word ürüŋ. It is believed that aq was a word characteristic of the western branch of the Turkic languages and, over time, it became widespread in all Turkic languages after the Chuvash and Yakut branches were separated from them. Most of the meanings of the word aq, identified in the Bashkir language, have a common Türkic character: color and color shades (white, light, gray, gray), secondary meanings (pure, holy, sinless, holy, kind, happy, joyful, noble); substantives (milk, protein, thorn). It assumes the significance of an areal character: old, wise (among the Turks of the Caucasus and Central Asia). In the Bashkir language, there is a white color different from the general Türkic language – ‘southern’, while in ancient times among the Türks it was the west, the western side connotation in white.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Evgenevich Lebedev

The study is devoted to the consideration of the analytical forms of the verb in the Chuvash language and the issue of their inclusion in the system of grammatical categories along with synthetic forms. The work was carried out on the material of samples of Chuvash fiction using the functional-semantic method. The article presents a brief history of the study of this issue both in general in Turkic studies and in Chuvash linguistics. The author emphasizes that the existing undefined status of such combinations in the grammars of the Chuvash and other Turkic languages does not contribute to an adequate description of the corresponding forms and categories. Due to the fact that one of the components of analytical forms completely or partially loses its nominative meaning, while acquiring an official grammatical meaning, they have not become the subject of detailed study in the syntax section. But in morphology, they are also not studied to the proper extent due to the fact that more than one word is formally present in such combinations. The author believes that when applying the functional-semantic approach to the study of such combinations, it becomes clear that functionally these forms do not differ from synthetic forms and should be the subject of description at the morphological level. The conclusions of the research are supported by examples of specific analytical forms and are as follows: these forms are an integral part and structural feature of the Chuvash language grammar. As a prospect for further research, we can name a detailed study of the functional and semantic component of the analytical forms of the verb and the development of their classification.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-609
Author(s):  
M. Koshueva

The article is devoted to the manuscript of Kasym Tynystanov dictionaries, as the founder of Kyrgyz lexicography, which date back to 1937 and his contribution to the history of the literary language. The necessity of scientific research of K. Tynystanov dictionaries (relating to various branches of science) stored in archives is noted. The study of the lexical richness of the Kyrgyz language is important in determining its place among the Turkic languages. Manuscripts are also a reflection of the economic and cultural development of the country in the historical period.


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