“Este é o mundo errado” – elementos para uma utopia política feminista

Este artigo busca salientar os elementos utópicos comuns entre as obras de Christine de Pizan, A cidade das damas, e de Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Terra das mulheres, em vista de uma utopia política feminista, cujo valor central reside tanto num projeto de autonomia filosófica e literária quanto naquilo que tenho defendido para as utopistas e as não utopistas que escrevem ao longo da história da filosofia, como constituindo uma efetiva política do texto, da escrita e da linguagem com as obras realizando em ato uma defesa das capacidades cognitivas, imaginativas e políticas das mulheres.

«The Yellow Wallpaper»: algunas consideraciones sobre el doble subjetivo femenino

De los abundantes estudios que abordan la contribución al feminismo de «The Yellow Wallpaper» (Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1892), apenas alguno presta especial atención al tema del doble más allá de su tratamiento clínico de la enajenación. Este artículo plantea algunas reflexiones respecto al tratamiento literario de la identidad femenina mediante el uso del doble. La aproximación de Jourde y Tortonese (1996) permite una distinción esencial por cuanto considera un rasgo de género interesante: el desdoblamiento femenino suele ser externo u objetivo. El doble subjetivo casi nunca está encarnado por mujeres. El recurso del doble subjetivo femenino, apartado del discurso canónico de la exploración del individuo moderno en este y otros textos que aquí se consideran, ha de dedicarse a indagar y construir su propia identidad: su voz no puede hablar por el conjunto de las inquietudes humanas sino solo por la suya en tanto que mujer.

GANGGUAN JIWA SEBAGAI BENTUK PERLAWANAN PEREMPUAN DALAM “THE YELLOW WALLPAPER” KARYA CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, SEBUAH PENDEKATAN FEMINIS PSIKOANALISIS *)

ABSTRAK Tulisan ini mengkaji cerpen “The Yellow Wallpaper” karya Charlotte Perkins Gilman dengan menggunakan pendekatan feminis psikoanalisis Karen Horney. Pendekatan teori ini digunakan untuk menganalisis bahwa bentuk perlawanan perempuan yang tecermin dalam cerpen ini antara lain perlawanan mendekati orang lain, perlawanan melawan orang lain, dan perlawanan menjauhi orang lain. Bentuk perlawanan mendekati orang lain adalah dengan aktivitas memunculkan teman khayalan yang dianggap nyata; Perlawanan melawan orang lain ditunjukkan dengan kembalinya aktivitas menulis dan aktivas yang menunjukkan gangguan jiwa; Perlawanan menjauhi orang lain adalah dengan aktivitas mengunci pintu kamar dan tidak ingin bertemu dengan orang lain. Bentuk perlawanan yang paling kuat adalah ketika tokoh perempuan dianggap mengidap gangguan jiwa. Perlawanan-perlawanan perempuan tersebut disebabkan oleh dominasi atau belenggu patriarki dalam masyarakat. Belenggu-belenggu patriarki yang tecermin dalam cerpen ini antara lain subordinasi peran perempuan, alienasi/pengasingan perempuan dari masyarakat, dan perempuan dianggap sebagai liyan.Kata kunci: feminis psikoanalisis, perlawanan, gangguan jiwa ABSTRACTThis paper examines the short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman using the feminist approach of Karen Horney's psychoanalysis. This theoretical approach is used to analyze that the forms of women's resistance reflected in this short story include resistance to approaching others, resistance against other people, and resistance to staying away from others. The form of resistance to approaching others is through the activity of bringing up imaginary friends who are considered real; Resistance against others is shown by the return to writing and activities that indicate mental disorders; The resistance to staying away from others is by locking the bedroom door and not wanting to meet other people. The strongest form of resistance is when the female character is considered to have mental disorders. The women's resistance was caused by the dominance or the shackles of patriarchy in society. The patriarchal shackles that are reflected in this short story include the subordination of the role of women, alienation / alienation of women from society, and women being considered as others. Keywords: feminist psychoanalysis, resistance, neurotic insanity

Typical Life of American Wife of the late 1800s: An Analysis of Kate Chopin’s “Story of an Hour” and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper”

The life of the typical American women in the late 1800s was strictly confined to the four walls of a house. For a wife, marriage, husband and family were the destiny. She had no legal political right or voice in public sphere. They were not supposed to involve in any intellectual pursuits but only in domestic chores like cooking, sewing, cleaning etc. The condition of women in any class (upper, lower or middle) was more or less same. Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Kate Chopin were noted American writers of nineteenth century. Both writers outrageously expressed their strong views on women, marriage and sex. They were revolutionaries of their time. This paper is going to analyse how Kate Chopin’s “Story of an Hour” and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper” depict typical public expectations about marriage and women of late 1800s. It also distinguishes the representation of women and wife in the nineteenth century patriarchal American society.

CULTURAL ECOFEMINISM IN CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN’S FEMINIST UTOPIAN VISION AND ITS LIMITATIONS

Charlotte Perkins Gilman was an American feminist author of fiction and non-fiction, lecturer and sociologist of the late 19th, early 20th centuries. She integrates her sociological commentary into her ecofeminist vision for an alternative community consisting merely of women in her utopian fiction Herland published in 1915. The community she envisioned can best be read through the lens of cultural ecofeminism with her essentialist view of women’s innate tendency to uphold the sanctity of the environment opting for a peaceful coexistence rather than patriarchal domination. Since men are considered to be impediments to such a coexistence, they are absent from the utopian vision based on sisterhood of all women where they breed through parthenogenesis and raise their daughters as a community rather than in individual family units. Familial relations are not entirely eliminated, rather, as all Herlanders descend from a common maternal ancestor, are biologically as well as culturally connected.

Quando manca il detective. La presa in carico dell’investigazione in due racconti americani di fine Ottocento

A Whisper in the Dark” by Louisa May Alcott (1877) and “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1892) offer an interesting, and not sufficiently investigated, perspective from the point of view of crime studies. Too intelligent and complex to be labelled as simple genre literature, and courted by gender studies, the two stories more aptly belong to Literature tout court, although many features normally lead to place them on the shelves of sensational, thriller, or mystery. The reading I propose stems from the desire to give voice to the two protagonists not only as victims of physical and psychological violence, but as active subjects and real Private Eyes within the narrative.