Performance of Trainers kits for Industrial Automation Based on Programmable Logic Controllers

The objectives of this study include: (1) get results; and (2) know the performance of trainer kits for industrial automation based on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC). The type of research is research and development that refers to the ADDIE model according to Robert Maribe Branch. Research steps include: Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. Data obtained through observation, interviews, and questionnaires, using instruments in the form of observation sheets, interview guidelines, and questionnaires. Data were analysed descriptively. The results showed that: (1) A PLC-based industrial automation trainer kit has been developed in the form of simulation of drilling objects, spraying paint on objects, applying stamps, and moving objects manually and automatically; and (2) PLC-based industrial automation trainer kit products have good performance, which is shown that 100% of the important components can work properly, and all job descriptions (100%) of the trainer kits can work as their function.

PLCrypto: A Symmetric Cryptographic Library for Programmable Logic Controllers

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are control devices widely used in industrial automation. They can be found in critical infrastructures like power grids, water systems, nuclear plants, manufacturing systems, etc. This paper introduces PLCrypto, a software cryptographic library that implements lightweight symmetric cryptographic algorithms for PLCs using a standard PLC programming language called structured text (ST). To the best of our knowledge, PLCrypto is the first ST-based cryptographic library that is executable on commercial off-the-shelf PLCs. PLCrypto includes a wide range of commonly used algorithms, totaling ten algorithms, including one-way functions, message authentication codes, hash functions, block ciphers, and pseudo-random functions/generators. PLCrypto can be used to protect the confidentiality and integrity of data on PLCs without additional hardware or firmware modification. This paper also presents general optimization methodologies and techniques used in PLCrypto for implementing primitive operations like bit-shifting/rotation, substitution, and permutation. The optimization tricks we distilled from our practice can also guide future implementation of other computationheavy programs on PLCs. To demonstrate a use case of PLCrypto in practice, we further realize a cryptographic protocol called proof of aliveness as a case study. We benchmarked the algorithms and protocols in PLCrypto on a commercial PLC, Allen Bradley ControlLogix 5571, which is widely used in the real world. Also, we make our source codes publicly available, so plant operators can freely deploy our library in practice.

COMPUTER EMULATOR FOR TRAINING AUTOMATIC SYSTEM PROGRAMMING WITH CONTROLLER

The article discusses educational application software designed to teach students in the areas of "Mechatronics and Robotics", "Automation of technological processes and production" the basics of working with programmable logic controllers (PLC Siemens S7-200) and control systems based on them.

Rationalization of Electricity and Water Consumption Used in Mosques for Ablution Using the Techniques of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

If we look at the verses of the Holly Quran, we can find a lot of wise verses that shows man the importance of the presence of water in his life, and it is a great blessing from God to the human beings; this research aims to rationalize the consumption of water used in the ablution process by the worshipers in mosques and use it to irrigate the gardens of these mosques and clean sanitary facilities instead of precious fresh water; as well as reducing the consumption of electrical energy used in ablution for water heating in the cold period of the years. The researcher chooses this area to conduct his research due to the importance of these two vital elements (water & electricity) and due to the variety of social and age groups using the ablution area in the mosque every day making it fertile places of wasting water and electricity during the ablution process. The PLC techniques are used in this research to simulate the operations of monitoring and controlling the usage of water and electricity in the ablution area.