Amateur musicians played an important role in the material reproduction of musical texts in the eighteenth century. Their work represents the coalescence of technological, bibliographical, and cultural forces in the early national period. Print and manuscript were mutually informing technologies for music reproduction, and both entailed manual and creative labor and expertise. Yet, unlike print, chirography (handwriting) focused attention on the creation of unique, personalized items; moreover, the practice of copying music by hand challenged the primacy of the author by emphasizing an effort to re-cord (to take material to heart). Thus, manuscript music books can be linked to earlier modes of book production, such as commonplace books. Yet they also align with other genres, such as anthologies. Finally, gendered expectations informed books’ creation: like other forms of handwork, musical penmanship expressed femininity. The work of copying music was subject to the same gendered evaluations that minimized the significance of (and yet relied on) women’s domestic work.